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02/01/2002 - Report Monthly Report February 2002 for Youth Forum Task Force 1. Meetings were held on February 12, 2002 and February 26, 2002. 2. Current activities: The February meeting was held at Twality Middle School so that members could observe the pilot after school program. Unfortunately,the program was canceled because of the e grade music program being held that evening. A panel of representatives from the League of Oregon Cities, Washington County, and the City of Tualatin spoke to the group about Youth Advisory Councils, each presenting different aspects related to their experiences with Youth Advisory Councils. Further discussion on Youth Councils is scheduled for the March 13 Youth forum meeting. Susan Stark Haydon reported that the assets survey results are being reviewed. The Tigard and Tualatin city councils will receive information on the results prior to their Joint meeting in April. The Youth Forum will receive the information later in April. A visit of the after school program at Twality was held on February 26. Four Youth Forum Task Force members participated. 3. Status of long-term projects: The pilot after school program at Twality is up and running. 4. Number of volunteer hours contributed this month(noted number of volunteers and total hours). February 12 - 7.5 hours (6 volunteers x 1.25 hours) February 26—4 hours (4 volunteers x I hour) Total for the month= 11.5 hours 5. Attachments (include notifications, sign-in sheets, minutes, reports, press releases, proposals, etc.) - Copy of February 12 meeting minutes with attachments on Youth Advisory Councils. 6. Any items to be scheduled for on the Council tentative agenda(list item and date): None 7. Status of members—are there any members scheduled to have their terms expire in the next four months? Are any members indicating that they plan to retire, move or resign soon? Please give details. N/A Tigard Youth Forum Meeting Minutes February 12, 2002 4:30 p.m. In Attendance: Bonnie White, Mike Javens,Susan Stark Haydon, Pat Sharp, Mark Mahon,Rich Carlson,Justin Patterson-City of Tualatin, Becky Reed-Washington County,Trista Ochoa-League of Oregon Cities, Mayor Jim Griffith, Louise Meyers,Margaret Barnes, Ed Wegner, Liz Newton Mike Javens gave a report on the "after-after" school program. He apologized that the program was not operating today because of a schedule conflict with a 6th grade concert. Seventy-two had registered as of February 9 with an additional 18 registrations received this week. The students that participate like the program. The snacks are popular. It is an expensive program for less than 100 students. Food Services has taken over the snacks because it seems that for some of the participants the snack provided may be dinner, so nutrition is an issue. Students must be participants in the first hour of the after-school program to participate in the second hour. There is a$10 fee for the first hour, no fee for the second. Fifty-five of the 72 participants in the second hour are on scholarship for the first hour—cant afford the$10 fee. So even though the participation is high, the program is probably sending those most in need. Currently,the staff is able to supervise the participants. All but one of the participants take the bus home and that is working well. In order to continue the program with a daily snack,staff supervision, and bus transportation, some other resources will be needed—dollars,volunteers,and donations. Consensus of the group was to schedule another program visit at 4:45 p.m. on February 26 at Twality. Youth Forum members, service club members, and representatives of the faith community will be invited. The purpose of the visit is to showcase the program and the needs for continued operation. Youth Advisory Councils (YACs) Trista Ochoa from the League of Oregon Cities spoke about her work with the League on Youth Advisory Councils.Trista has prepared a guidebook for youth involvement that includes various options based on several models. Trista distributed a handout on Youth Advisory Councils (copy enclosed). Becky Reed with Washington County explained her role with the county's Commission on Children and Families and the newly formed county Youth Advisory Council. She commented that it's important to consider which age group of youth to involve and to Tigard Youth Forum Meeting Minutes February 12,2002 Page 2 let the kids"run the show." She distributed a page on Youth Advisory Councils (copy included). Justin Patterson,city of Tualatin, is the staff liaison to Tualatin's Youth Advisory Council. Their YAC is not an official city committee.The YAC has staff support and $2,500 from the city to travel. Eight YAC members have been to the National League of Cities. There are 22 members on Tualatin s YAC. The group has five goals/objectives. Justin distributed a copy of their bylaws (enclosed). Outgoing seniors select the new members based on applications and no names are included on the applications.Justin advised that an adult advisor and some funding is helpful. It's important that the YAC have a role and a community advocate. Consensus of the group was to discuss the information presented at the March 13 meeting. Assets Survey Susan Stark Haydon reported that the assets survey results are being reviewed. The Tigard-Tualatin School Board,The city of Tualatin City Council, and the city of Tigard City Council will get information prior to their joint meeting in April. The Youth Forum Task Force will receive information probably in April. Skateboard Park Task Force Rich Carlson reported that the three subcommittees are meeting. City Council allocated up to$20,000 for a design consultant. City staff is putting together a Request for Proposal to go out to design consultants. Next Youth Forum Task Force Meeting Wednesday, March 13, 7:30 a.m. in the Town Hall at City Hall. \AWY0Un+20021MEE"NG 2-12-02 MINUfES.DOC Washington County Commission on Children and Families Youth Advisory Councils Community Outreach and Assistance In order to promote positive youth development in Washington County the Commission on Children and Families will provide guidance and technical assistance to local cities' development of youth advisory councils Assistance may include training workshops in leadership, communications, and by-laws and goal setting. How do youth councils serve youth and the community? 1. Make the voice of youth heard 2. Infuse the perspective of youth at all levels of community (schools, government, private organizations, and more) 3. Give youth meaningful roles in the community 4. Show youth they are valued in the community R OJ E C A democracy dropout reversal clearinghouse encouraging maximum youth participation Some Interesting Facts One quarter of the population in the U.S. is under the age A-M=�1 of 18. 1 ,: - That's 26% who participate in SGh0Ol an 26% who spend more than S 150 billion a year, and 26% who Care about the world in which they live. However, that's also 26% of the population who cannot vote and 26% who are supposed to be seen and not heard, making for a resounding 100% of the future who have not been encouraged to exercise leadership today. Shouldn't young people have a voice in issues that directly concern them? 'youth no longer have to be shut out. More adults recognize that the long tradition of making decisions for youth without youth has failed.Getting the http://www.youthactivism.cori/ 5/25/2001 M powers-that-be to take seriously the ideas and solutions offered by the next generation is not as difficult as you might expect. This site aims to prove that MINORS can play a MAJOR ROLE. Our national clearinghouse also provides help and information to parents, mentors, teachers, principals, policy- makers and other adult allies who want to collaborate with youth to achieve positive community change. =rptfresrrr YOUTM TIM 2G%WWTION Claca irecc am or3rr. Success Stories ( Youth Action Line I Advice for Adult Allies Resource Centrals About this Clearinuhouse ACTIVISM 2000 PROJECT, P.O. Box E, Kensington, MD, 20895 phone: 1-800-KID-POWER E mail us at infoQyouthactivism.com! This site created by randio. Currently maintained by Nugneam http://w,vw.youthactivism.com/ 5/25/2001 What i5 a Youth Advisory Council? A YAC works to coordinate, advise, and activate peers and eiders in issues affecting youth. YACs act as a positive, influential, and energetic voice in affecting policies, and solutions to Oregon's problems. YACs are found in many segments of society. To be successful, a YAC must be carefully thought out in everything from its purpose, to its role in city government, to its membership. Every city is unique and the YAC must be tailored to fit your community's needs. What do YACs do? A YAC can: • Raise youth related issues with • Organize youth forums community leaders • Provide training for • Assist with event management teachers/organizations and grant writing/giving • Organize speakers bureaus by • Train peers for public service bringing in experts on a subject • Practice public speaking • Coordinate service projects • Recruiting volunteers • Share advice • Write volunteer newsletters • Consulting-by youth for the city What do YACs look like? • They can represent cities, communities, regions, schools, organizations, and states • They are hosted by many different groups, including cities, offices of volunteerism, governor's offices, state commissions, volunteer centers, schools, United Ways, non-profits, etc. • They generally have 15-25 members • They meet weekly or monthly • Members serve 1-2 year terms or until they are out of high school Just Starting out? Questions to Keep in Mind Great! Now that you have a group of interested youth and a city council member to work with them there are a few issues that should be addressed. Below are questions to keep in mind when creating a YAC. General Purpose of your YAC • Will a YAC support the mission of your city council? • What is the purpose of the YAC within the city they serve? • What kind of activities will the YAC undertake? • What will the YAC be called? • What are the goals of the YAC? Membership • What benefits will YAC members receive from serving on a YAC? • How many youth will serve on the YAC? • What age ranges will be represented on the YAC? • What is the commitment expected out of YAC members? Recruitment • What is the timeline for recruitment and selection? • What is your plan for recruitment? • How will you recruit diversely (culturally, socio-economically, geographically)? Application and Selection • What will the application look like? • Is the application accessible for young people with learning or other disabilities? • What are your criteria for selection (skills, background, experience, and residence)? • What is the selection process? • Who will make the selections? Host City • Does the YAC have a decision-making or an advisory role with the host city? • Are there specific responsibilities of the YAC to the host city? • Are there specific responsibilities of the host city to the YAC? • Will the YAC have any staff time to support it? How much? • What are the expectations of the staff supporting the YAC? What is their role? • Will any money be budgeted for the YAC and its goals? Five Steps to Building a YAC 1. Build a Framework Gather a group of young people and one or two adults. This group should start to define the structure of the YAC. They should cover all of the logistics of the YAC, including length of term of service and criteria for membership such as age, geography, experience in service, and working with local government. 2. Decide on Costs With your structure in mind, consider what funding will be needed to cover expenses, such as training, travel, materials and supplies. You will likely need to assign a staff person for your YAC. 3. Recruit Broadly It is often very easy for a city to draw from students who have been involved in the past and are very visible in their community. It is also beneficial to send applications to all junior high and high schools in the area. Your application will be unique to your city and what you want to accomplish with your YAC. Make sure to include a section that asks for a thorough description of the applicant's experience with community service and lets the young person demonstrate their creativity, energy, and commitment. 4. Orient and Train Once you have formed your YAC, consider bringing them together for a long weekend of orientation and training. Training may include briefing on city issues, listening skills, group facilitation, problem solving, and public speaking to help to prepare them for their work. Team building exercises also help to build.'a sense of community and purpose. You should also set aside a time when city officials and youth can do teambuilding exercises together. S. Hurry up... but Don't Rush Although it takes time to set goals, develop a mission statement and structure, a balance between process and outcome must be struck. Let your group establish a pace at which it can work effectively. Everyone is busy, but if your YAC moves too slowly the participants may lose interest. V. te,jencron clew,,:, Qarticipa��o . P z 0 J e hcouraDina ma' FOUR MODELS OF YOUTH INFUSION After working with many non-profits, advocacy groups, community coalitions and government agencies for nearly 10 years, the Activism 2000 Project predicts an accelerated effort to involve young people to a greater extent in the decision-making process on issues that directly affect children and adolescents. The benefits of intergenerational collaboration extend beyond building youth's self-esteem and civic engagement to developing innovative programs and effective policies to combat many societal problems. OVERNANCEi OUTH-ADULT PARTNERSHIPS • Over a dozen state Boards of Education and Many youth,alongside seasoned lobbyists,have hundreds of local school boards have student been drumming up co-sponsors in the 107'" members.Voting rights and optional two-year Congress for the Younger Americans Act.This terms increase the level of authentic involvement. legislation would authorize up to$2 billion annually One student board member proposed a bus through 2006 to fund local grants-making panels, schedule during exam week that saved the school district$140,0001year. Earth Force continues to give more responsibility to the Youth Advisory Board in determining its • The National 4-H Council expanded its Board of national environmental campaigns.Three youth Trustees to include 10 youth.At one point two representatives now sit on the Board of Directors. trustees were aae12.The 50-member National 4-H Youth Directions Council advises the U.S. Students Working Against Tobacco,funded by Department of Agriculture 4-H program. Florida's$11.3 billion tobacco settlement,guides the state's anti-smoking"Truth'media campaign. • Several youths,who hold an equal position with In state's 64 counties, youth comprise 25%on adults on the Board of Oakland(CA)Kids First! each community board that determines the Public Fund,decide how to allocate 2.5%of the priorities for this aggressive social marketing city's budget for youth services and programs. campaign. ONGOING CONSULTATIONS PAIQ YOUTH STAFF • Two Members of Congress,Senator Patty Murray The Planning Department of the City of Hampton (D-WA)and Rep.Bill Pascrall(D-NJ), have (VA)has two teens on its payroll who function like student advisory corrmitt°es to get input regularly city planners,conducting feasibility studies and on federal legislation such as class size and surveys on youth employment,transportation, standardized testing. recreation services, etc.Several youth are paid to maintain the city's"Youth l.inl, website. • The Board of Young Adult Police Commissioners Community clinics in five California counties hire In New Haven(CT)makes racornmendaticns on • teens to work as family planning staff and deliver curfews and other proposed ordinances.The non-medical services such as health education, board also screens all new police recruits,derides laboratory services, and case management, w who needs additional sentraining,and tape including telephone follow-up.These Peer records these interviews,whichh are reviewed by Providers have the same basic training the Police Chief and Adult Commissioners. requirements and certifications,job • After the Rockville City Council(MD)heard responsibilities,pay scale, and expectations of testimony from two skateboarders complaining of professionalism as adult employees. no legal place to skate,the Recreation At each Teen Empowerment site in Boston(MA), Department was told to develop a plan.A Task a team composed of an experienced youth worker Force was formed,typical of other'user groups' and a dozen youth organizers(each of whom earn created to get citizen input Some 30 teens $8/hour and work 10 hours a week),concentrate collaborated on a proposed budget,site selection, on school restructuring,police relations, and hiring the contractor,to build a skatepark. community development issues. P.O. Box E, Kensington, MID 20895 Toll-Free TEI: 800-KID-POWER or 301-9229-3508 Fax- 301-929-8907 inrFo@youthactivism.com v,- rwr.youthactivi1Sm.ccm a Printed on Recycled Paper 'Y r INTERGENERATIONAL COLLABORATION These reminders apply to everyone involved. D p,s - _ ... ........ DON'TS Listen Lecture IBe open-minded Be close-minded Build on ideas Co-opt or redirect ideas Be honest and authentic Pretend to agree See everyone as individuals Stereotype Show respect Show favoritism Trast Fear failure Experiment Stifle creativity Offer a safe space Be judgmental Be flexible... Force anyone to participate Share skills and information Selectively share certain information ' Engage everyone Ignore personality conflicts- Provide support Control everything Curb your ego Be power hungry Keep your promise Make half-hearted commitments Walk the talk Be a hypocrite Be patient and persistent Act uptight Be consistent and dependable Abandon us Demonstrate your passion Whine Laugh and have fun Be too serious Excerpt from the I.NTERGENERATIONAL,ADVOCACY TOOZ,IT Maximizing Youth Involvement & Minimizing Mistakes by Wendy Lesko. For additional information, please contact the Activism 2000 Project (1-800-KID-POWER or via e-mail at inio@youthactivism.com). the program over three years and to have a more extensive learning - experience. Madras' student program consists of one student representative who sits with the staff during City Council meetings. The role of the student is strictly as an observer. The student body selects the representative. Typically the student has been involved with student council or is enrolled in the Government class at the high school. In Medford, the Mayor's Youth Advisory Council meets twice a month to discuss community issues affecting youth. There are fifteen students on the council and they represent the five area high schools. A staff member from the Parks Department serves as a liaison and a council member also attends the monthly meetings. As an advisory council, they set goals, plan events, perform community service activities and make proposals to the City Council. The staff liaison and at least two council members interview students who apply for the YAC. The final decision is left with the Mayor. Another option for involving youth in local government is work experience. The City of Redmond works with the high school to offer a work experience program for its students. A junior or senior can sign up to work for the city for one term. The student works two hours a day, two days a week. The student is placed in a department based on the students' interests. As part of the work experience, the student shadows a staff member and attends all meetings and activities. Although the city serves as an "employer" the school carries all the liability. The City of Reedsport appoints one student each to the City Council and Planning Commission. This student advises the council on youth concerns and is actively involved in policy discussion. The student also votes along with the City Council. The vote is recorded in the minutes as an advisory vote but does not count in the actual decision. N The Mayor's Youth Advisory Council in Tualatin is governed by a _ set of by-laws, which were developed by the: students. The Mayor and a member of the Parks and Recreation staff serves as the advisors to the youth council. The YAC itself advises the City on the issues affecting the city's youth. The council meets once a week. The city is dedicating more office space to develop the program further. The city also appoints students to work with various advisory committees, such as library and parks committees. The students who apply for this position are interviewed by the City Council. Bylaws of the Tualatin Youth Advisory Council Roles of the Tualatin Youth Advisory Council: • Advise the Tualatin City Council on issues that affect youth in the community • Serve as a communication link for youth to government, business, and the entire community on a variety of subjects • Identify and advocate for the needs of youth in our community • Identify and carry out events and activities for the community which are important to youth • Create and foster cultural relations in the Tualatin community Organization of the Tualatin Youth Advisory Council (YAC): The YAC shall consist of 22 members. The YAC shall be comprised of 4 youth from each school grade classification, (Freshman, Sophomore, Junior and Seniors from Tualatin High) and 6 at large members from any class. This shall ensure broad-based membership, and representative views. Any vacancies left after the normal application process should be filled as soon as possible through the re-advertisement of openings. Structure and Responsibilities of the Tualatin Youth Advisory Council: A. Executive Committee The Executive Committee shall serve as the voting body of the YAC, and shall consist of seven members. The Executive Committee shall be responsible for voting on matters pertaining to budget and Council goals, and serve as the primary point of contact for the YAC. Decisions of the Executive Committee can be appealed by the remaining membership of the YAC. A majority vote of the remaining YAC shall decide the outcome of any decision appeal. B. YAC Subcommittees Sub-committee appointments are for one year. All subcommittees shall make recommendations to the YAC Executive Committee in the following areas: a. Communications Sub-committee Responsible for issues related to YAC publicity needs and the YAC web page. b. Activities Sub-committee Responsible for conceptualizing and planning YAC sponsored functions, and generating opportunities for community service. YAC Bylaws Page 2 2/12/02 c. Funding Sub-committee Responsible for raising funds to facilitate YAC events. Also responsible for fostering relationships with local businesses. Election of Members The term of membership for all YAC positions is one year, unless re-appointment is made to further terms. Positions appointed mid-year will serve the remainder of the respective position term. A. Executive Committee Membership a. The Executive Committee shall be selected by a quorum vote of the entire YAC at a special session during the month of April, before new YAC member or returning YAC member applications are submitted and approved. b. To be selected to the Executive Committee, the candidate must be a standing member of the YAC. c. The Executive Committee shall consist of seven members. d. If seven members cannot be selected, remaining members can be selected from the incoming new membership of the YAC appointed in the month of May. e. Mid-year vacancies on the Executive Committee shall be filled by application from standing members of the YAC. Applications shall be reviewed"by the Executive Committee, and appointed by vote of the Executive Committee. f. The Executive Committee shall include the following positions: i. Chair ii. Co-chair iii. 3 Chairs of YAC subcommittees iv. Secretary v. City Council Liaison g. Members of the Executive Committee shall decide which position they desire to hold at the first regular Executive Committee meeting. The remaining members of the Executive Committee shall approve position appointments by quorum vote. B. Regular YAC Membership Positions a. The regular membership of the YAC shall be selected during the last week of May. b. New member applications shall be reviewed by outgoing senior members of the YAC. Selection of new YAC members shall be the last official task of the outgoing senior membership of the YAC. Potential members shall be recommended to the YAC Bylaws Page 3 2/12/02 Executive Committee for approval as official members, and recommended for placement on one of three YAC sub- committees. Each candidate will have expressed interest in a particular sub-committee on their application for YAC membership. c. New members shall be appointed to the YAC and one of the three YAC sub-committees by a vote of the Executive Committee, and begin service as a member of the YAC upon Executive Committee approval. d. Should a YAC member wish to serve on another sub-committee during their tenure, such change shall be approved after application to the Executive Committee for sub-committee reassignment. Returning YAC Members Reappointment of YAC members (excluding Executive Committee members) shall be by vote of the Executive Committee. Those YAC members who wish to return for a second or further term shall request re-appointment by letter to the Executive Committee after selection of the new Executive Committee in April, but prior to the normal application process in May of each year. Attendance Requirements and Dismissals Members of the YAC shall be required to maintain a positive attendance record to meetings, and represent the YAC in a positive manner. A. A total of three unexcused absences shall constitute grounds for dismissal from the YAC. B. All excused absences should be limited to an amount that allows a member to maintain at least a 75% attendance rate. If excused absences reach a total that prevent a member from keeping an attendance rate of 75%, it shall constitute grounds for dismissal from the YAC. C. All dismissals shall be by vote of the Executive Committee. D. A Leave of Absence may be granted by the Executive Committee to facilitate absences that will be of significant duration, and prevent a member from meeting regular attendance requirements. YAC Bylaws Page 4 2/12/02 YAC Meeting Procedures All YAC meetings shall be conducted according to basic parliamentary procedure. :,�;',;,, ;.e.ia::i;..;:•;Sii<iiiiiri#i{iiiii%iiiiiii2ii'i'iiii 2i'tiiia< `ii i'ti% i$ii`'i'tii iii 'iii}iii::itt�ii?i';':%ii%5iiiS�'iii'iyli , . .'�'..'• iii:: �. .� Y�,�sa?�!2iaiii:.i`:#iiaSti:.,i ..,; ,.'� ii`3�`'5i#`'?ii>'><'•.�i i:`Vii'%3i` ':`?';iii?25# i#`">'S�' ''s' }'i 5�'2`iii>"??>?>'''i!a�s#''iii "ri?�!i ':8>>'•`'t#iii>�'.`'iN>::i:'><� ••�i�fa� vi at! :<.:•.:•:.:...:.:.::,,::..<..;:;«<>.::::: V) Youth Qin:' i£p>;;$; is:;2i!2!@:;Yc?:::%::;,,::<r::<.::•;::.:;•:;.:<;;;;;.:::::::..<.;:... .>•>:.:: .;:.: i>�` Youth Development 1. Advise City Council on issues that Report on information gained from Update City Council as conference affect youth in the community. attending key conferences and attendance is completed. Business Responsible staff:Justin Patterson meetings. and Community Relations Sub- Committee established. (Brian Shen, Chair) Participate as members or,observers Business and Community Relations on all City committees. Sub-Committee established. (Brian Shen, Chair) Advise City Council once a month on Business and Community Relations status of YAC. Sub-Committee established. (Brian Shen, Chair) 2. Provide the primary communication Participate on the Washington County Youth participating with Washington link for youth to government, Youth Advisory Council, County Children and Family business, and the entire community Services to have three Tualatin on a variety of subjects and YAC members serve on County opportunities. Youth Advisory Council. (Philipe Responsible staff: Justin Patterson Champagne, Megan MacLennan, Megan Shoemaker) Participate on the League of Oregon Katie Fidler and Katie Nichols both Cities Youth Advisory Committee, and members of State Youth Advisory State Youth Advisory Council. Council. Participate on the League of National Katie Fidler a member of National Cities Institute for Youth, League of Cities Youth Advisory Education, and Families. Council. One of three youth members nationally. Create a Youth Advisory Council YAC Awareness Sub-Committee web page to inform the public and established. (Philipe Champagne, youth about the YAC, community Chair) opportunities and related topics. ;'� .>k17'rE. .I�. ..'.Sf:. ,QIf� .�l:�•�:.. .��!:�l�t'�`14! i.......... ......>Qi> ». . . " �� '� : ,:' •:`<C�,: Have youth representation within the Various members of the YAC attend Key Stakeholders,group, which was the meeting of the Key created as a part of the Washington Stakeholders group. County Take the Time campaign. 3. Identify and advocate for the needs Coordinate with Washington County Representatives from Washington of youth in our community Children and Family Services to County have attended several YAC Responsible staff. Justin Patterson carry-out and update the Search meetings to discuss the topic. Institute Forty-Developmental Assets Survey to be completed in the Fall Survey to monitor the development of of 2001. youth assets in the community. Research incentives through the City Business and Community Relations to help attract youth oriented Sub-committee established. (Brian businesses to Tualatin. Shen, Chair) Prepare an annual budget of revenues FY 01/02 Budget adopted on June and expenditures to support all 28, 2001 by the YAC. endeavors of the YAC and its activities and events in coordination with the City's budget process and timeline. 4. Identify and carry out events and Create an Activities Committee that Activities and Events sub-committee activities for the community,which prepares an annual schedule of youth created. Currently coordinating with are important to youth. activities and events. the YMCA. (Megan Shoemaker, Responsible staff., Justin Patterson Chair) Create an informational resource of YAC Awareness sub-committee youth activities and interests. created. (Philipe Champagne, Chair) Web Site being created by YAC Awareness sub-committee. T ' ..;..,........:•::: .::•<;.;.•;;::•::.:;:.;•:::::.,•:.;:::.:•:::.::.:::.:::.�.:>:�;�.,;•:.;;;:•>:;::;:,•::;::•.::•.�.::...::.:...;•::.:;>��'•�l<1�EU.��...:Y..�E��w`:E :6�..#��.i�;�.LHC'I:�r!?8.�.'�...:......................... ....