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Report (2) P2OL8-003'// 14830 7,240 444& OREGON TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION Standards for Accessible Parking Places August 2018 In accordance with Oregon Revise Statute (ORS) 447.233, the Oregon Transportation Commission (OTC) adopted standards for accessible person parking places, which took effect on January 22, 1992. All new construction or re-striping of accessible parking spaces and access aisles is required to meet new minimum standards. The layouts, signing, and pavement marking standards for accessible parking places presented in this document have been adapted from and shall comply with the listed "referenced standards" shown on page 5. Further information and requirements for accessible design can be found in the "referenced standards". OREGON TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION Standards for Accessible Parking Places August 2018 Parking Lot Layout An accessible parking space shall be at least 9' wide with an adjacent access aisle at least 6' wide. The access aisle shall be at least 8' wide for an accessible parking space designated as "van-accessible" or reserved for wheelchair users only. Example layouts are shown in Figures 1 through 5. The access aisle must be located on the passenger side of the parking space (Figure 1) except that two adjacent accessible parking spaces may share a common access aisle (Figures 2, 3, and 5). Refer to Chapter 11 of the Oregon Structural Specialty Code to calculate the required number of accessible parking spaces and for other requirements. Pavement Markings Details of pavement markings are shown in Figures 1 through 5. Each accessible parking space shall have a pavement marking stencil as shown in Figure 6. Pavement markings and stencils are required to be white and should be retroreflective. The use of blue curb and blue background on pavement marking stencils is optional. The symbol for the pavement marking stencil is the international symbol of access as shown in the Standard Highway Signs book published by the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). Pavement marking stencil is available in two different sizes: • Minimum - Used for facilities not on the state highway right-of-way. • Standard — Used for facilities on the state highway right-of-way. Each access aisle shall have a "No Parking" pavement marking legend as shown in Figure 7. The "No Parking" pavement legend shall be either white or yellow (for added contrast) and should be retroreflective. Sign Design Each accessible parking space shall have the appropriate sign(s) as required below. All signs are required to be retroreflective. There are five different signs that are used for accessible parking spaces: • Sign No. R7-8 (Figure 7) - This is the standard sign used to designate accessible parking spaces. All accessible parking spaces shall have this sign. The symbol 2 OREGON TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION Standards for Accessible Parking Places August 2018 for this sign is the international symbol of access as shown in the Standard Highway Signs book published by the FHWA. • Sign No. R7-8P1 (Figure 8) - The "VAN ACCESSIBLE" sign is used with R7-8 sign to designate those accessible parking spaces that have a minimum 8' wide access aisle. Any vehicle with a DMV disabled permit can use van-accessible spaces. • Sign No. OR7-8c2 (Figure 9) - The "WHEELCHAIR USER ONLY" sign is used with R7-8 and R7-8P signs to designate those accessible parking spaces that have a minimum 8' wide access aisle and are reserved for wheelchair users only. Only those vehicles with a DMV disabled permit displaying a "Wheelchair User" placard or decal can use these parking spaces. • Sign No. OR7-9 (Figure 11) —The "ACCESS AISLE NO PARKING" sign is installed in areas where the "No Parking" pavement marking stencil may not be visible regularly due to snow or sand. • Sign No. OR7-9a (Figure 11) — The arrow sign is only used with OR7-9 sign when placement of the OR7-9 cannot be placed at the back of the accessible route directly in view of entire access aisle. In this case sign OR7-9 can be placed to one side of the ramp with the arrow sign pointing to the access aisle. The arrow sign shall be reversed to point correctly down towards the access aisle in this circumstance. Sign Mounting Post-mounted signs shall be installed with a vertical clearance of 7' (±3") between the bottom of the sign to the ground line. If more than one sign is required for an accessible parking space, all signs shall be mounted on a single post except for the "ACCESS AISLE NO PARKING" and Arrow signs. When signs are mounted on buildings or piers, a vertical clearance of 5' minimum shall be maintained between the bottom of the sign and the floor of the parking space. The sign(s) shall be laterally placed as shown in Figures 1 and 2. Posts and hardware used to mount signs on the state highway right-of-way shall be according to ODOT standard drawings and standard specifications for construction. Posts and hardware used to mount signs on public right-of-way other than state highways may have different requirements. Posts and hardware used to mount signs on private right-of-way are at the discretion of the owner. It is advisable to contact an engineer for an analysis of post and mounting hardware if in doubt. 3 OREGON TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION Standards for Accessible Parking Places August 2018 Other Considerations On state highway right-of-way, requests for work must be submitted through the appropriate ODOT District Office. All work must meet the applicable ODOT standards and specifications. On public or private right-of-way other than on the state highway, requests for work must be submitted through the appropriate local jurisdiction. This may include the Public Works Department, the Local Building Department and/or the Building Codes Division. All work must meet the applicable local agency and/or Building Codes Division standards and specifications Contacts Contractors/Suppliers - A list of sign suppliers, striping contractors, and pavement marking stencil sources is shown in Page 15 for convenience. ODOT doesn't guarantee the accuracy of the information presented in the list. Building Codes Division - For questions regarding the Oregon Structural Specialty Code, Chapter 11 — Accessibility, enforcement of accessible design standards, and inspections, contact: • Building Codes Division 503-373-4133 E-mail: Bcd.info cr oregon.gov Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) - For questions regarding the information contained within this document, ODOT standards & specifications, and ODOT processes/procedures, contact: • Traffic Devices Engineer— Bethany Veil Atekha, PE 503-986-3610 E-mail: Bethany.VEIL(a�odot.state.or.us • State Sign Engineer— Heidi Shoblom, PE 503-986-3603 E-mail: Heidi.E.Shoblom@odot.state.or.us The Driver and Motor Vehicle Services Division (DMV) - For questions regarding obtaining and using disabled vehicle permits, contact your local DMV office found in the government pages of the phone book. http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/DMV Local Police Agency - For questions regarding enforcement of individuals parking improperly in an accessible space, contact your local police agency found in the government pages of the phone book. 4 OREGON TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION Standards for Accessible Parking Places August 2018 Advocacy Groups — For general accessible parking info, support, and resources, contact: • Oregon Paralyzed Veterans of America — 503-362-7998 or 800-333-0782 http://www.oregonpva.orq/ • Oregon Disabilities Commission- 503-945-5811 or 800-282-8096 http://www.oregon.gov/DHS/spd/adv/odc/index.shtml • Northwest ADA Center-425-248-2480 or 800-949-4232 http://www.dbtacnorthwest.orq/contact-us • U.S. Department of Justice- 800-514-0301 http://www.ada.gov/ Referenced Standards 1) Oregon Revised Statute (ORS) 447.233: http://www.leg.state.or.us/ors/447.html 2) Oregon Structural Specialty Code, Chapter 11 —Accessibility : http://ecodes.biz/ecodes support/free resources/Oregon/14 Structural/14 ORSt ructural main.html 3) 2010 ADA Standards for Accessible Design: http://www.ada.gov/2010ADAstandards index.htm 4) FHWA Standard Highway Signs (SHS): http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/ser- shs millennium.htm 5) Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD): http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/ 6) ODOT Standard Drawings: http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/Engineering/Pages/Standards.aspx 7) ODOT Standard Specifications: http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/Business/Pages/Standard Specifications.aspx 8) ODOT Sign Policy and Guidelines: http://www.oregon.gov/ODOT/Business/Pages/Standard Specifications.aspx 5 OREGON TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION Standards for Accessible Parking Places August 2018 MINIMUM STANDARD SINGLE-ACCESSIBLE PARKING SPACE (VAN-ACCESSIBLE DESIGNATION REQUIRED) PARKING SIG 8 SIGN ACCESS AISLE OR ACCESSAISLE SIGN OR7-9 NO NO OR7-9 y �IARKING BARKING, ` VAN } I SIGNIISi ACCESSIBLE , SIG a SIGN r pR7-9a IGN ° Curb ramp (shall not extend into / the access aisle) i ° ° • " ACCESSIBLE ROUTE ° G , ° ° p ° i Sign p _ ° location ° • p I`2'—i 2'-1 - ---1� u Wheel stop / 36° Typ. a (!�YP) / White 4" a wide lines Angle orientation o for field layout -_ -- Access aisle 51 & L ‘*‘‘ 2 Typ , N.)0 t QP Pavement markings r6 &equireord. Seteeails Figures 7 f d — 9' Min - - 8' Min- Detectable warning surface required if curb ramp is located within public right-of-way Figure 1 6 OREGON TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION Standards for Accessible Parking Places August 2018 MINIMUM STANDARD DOUBLE-ACCESSIBLE PARKING SPACE (ONE VAN—ACCESSIBLE DESIGNATION REQUIRED) RESERVED b .:., 6. PARKING SIGN SIGN ACCESS AISLE OR ACCESS AISLE SIGN R7-8 OR7-9 NO NO OR7-9 fARKING BARKING RESERVED VAN SIGN SIGN ° PARKING ACCESSIBLE R7-8a OR7-9a o c . P ACCESSIBLE ROUTE . .' P . P ' . P • P P P P I Sign ° . Sign I P• o locati P on P • location d P 4 P P I` 2'- I 2'-ZI F— 2'— F—2'--I J` a, Wheel stop Jl 36° Typ. a gyp) in ol Curb ramp 3' c \ / (shall not extend into 36° the access aisle) White 4" q, a wide lines Angle orientation o 2'f for field layout rnAccess— +T yp C aisle m u6' 6:' O LL - \ PARKING / - Pavement markings requirefor.detailsd. See Figures 6 & 7 9' Min 8' Min 9' Min - * Detectable warning surface required if curb ramp is located within public right-of-way Figure 2 7 OREGON TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION Standards for Accessible Parking Places August 2018 MINIMUM STANDARD FIVE- ACCESSIBLE PARKING SPACES (ONE WHEELCHAIR USER DESIGNATION REQUIRED) RESERVED SIGN PARKING SIGN OR7-9 :, R7-8 knit. ACCESS AISLE SIGN ACCESS AISLE SIGN A J NO OR7-9 R7-8 NO VAN SIGN BARKING RESERVED pARKINGJ 4;;;R1 :;; PARKING c ii 1 ° L5TE/.: •0 6/ 9' ...,. I l 9' 9' 9' 9' a Min Min MinMin Min, Min, o Access aisle ,� Curb ramp (Typ) (shall not extend into (8' Min) the access aisle) I Pavement markings Access aisle (6' Min)— required. See Figures 6& 7 for details * Detectable warning surface required if curb ramp is located within public right-of-way Figure 3 8 OREGON TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION Standards for Accessible Parking Places August 2018 PARALLEL-ACCESSIBLE PARKING LAYOUT RESERVED PARKING SIGN OR7-8 L o . L . I— L O o J N W Pavement marking tU,) required. See Fig. 6 Q for details o • • � a • • • . a . o . Figure 4 9 OREGON TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION Standards for Accessible Parking Places August 2018 ANGLE- ACCESSIBLE PARKING LAYOUT RESERVED SIGN PARKING R7-8 6. SIGN OR7-9 T IEl SIGN VAN . ACCESS AISLE R7-8P ACCESSIBLE r N O SIGN WHEELCHAIR PARKING (if e4 USER ONLYi 4Nik j : Q e a�*Na " ° ' SIGN okC C\ W OR7-9a ,en9cr j\\ o O Wheel stop \'` OR (TYp) . • m ge °, W Q a in U ,� of ACCESS AISLE � • • No `3b Np PARKING) _i'/riA,n C\ SIGN OR7-9 'C y�N A[Cess \� - ° • • * Curb ramp •�` aisle (shall not extend • •:° • ; • into the access � aisle} ° d ace . ° 9sp cE9- Leo E���`e•9cr RESERVED SIGN PARKING R7-8 Pavement marking required. See Figures 6& 7 for details * Detectable warning surface required if curb ramp is located within public right-of-way Figure 5 1a OREGON TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION Standards for Accessible Parking Places August 2018 PAVEMENT MARKING STENCIL Background - C (stroke width) 1 A Pavement Marking Background: Optional: Blue, Retroreflective Pavement Marking Stencil: White, Retroreflective LEGEND DIMENSIONS (INCHES) ABCDE FG MINIMUM 28 24 3 STANDARD 41 36 4 The pavement marking stencil shall be used to designate an accessible parking area reserved for vehicles with DMV permits. Figure 6 11 OREGON TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION Standards for Accessible Parking Places August 2018 PAVEMENT MARKING LEGEND or 4 PARKING QPN 18" I 1 2" PARKING 12" t 60" Pavement Marking Legend: White or Yellow, Retroreflective The "No Parking" pavement marking is used to designate an access aisle reserved for persons use parking with a DMV permit. This marking shall be required for all access aisles next to accessible parking spaces. Engineering judgement should be used for placement location to give best visual location to prevent illegal use of access aisle. Yellow may be used instead of white to increase contrast between access aisle white lines and the "No Parking" legend. Figure 7 12 OREGON TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION Standards for Accessible Parking Places August 2018 SIGN DESIGN SIGN NO. R7-8 1 2" -1 T j- 12 8 RESERVED I2 PARKING -2C 2 CO 6 4 (511. 5 4 BORDER .06 9.88 1.06 R=1.5" TH=0.375" IN=0.375" Sign Background: White, Retroreflective sheeting Sign Legend: Green, Retroreflective sheeting Sign Symbol: White on Blue, Retroreflective sheeting Refer to Standard Highway Signs book for details. The Disabled Person parking sign is used to designate a parking area reserved for vehicles with DMV permit as stated. Figure 8 13 OREGON TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION Standards for Accessible Parking Places August 2018 SIGN DESIGN SIGN NO. R7-8a 18„ T \ 2.25 VAN1120 1 ACCESSIBLE -,.SD 2.25 BORDER 3.19 11.63 3.19 R=1.5" TH=0.438" IN=0.325" Sign Background: White, Retroreflective sheeting Sign Legend: Green, Retroreflective sheeting Refer to Standard Highway Signs book for details and dimensions. The VAN-ACCESSIBLE sign shall only be used with sign R7-8 to designate the parking spaces that have an access aisle 8 ft or wider Figure 9 14 OREGON TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION Standards for Accessible Parking Places August 2018 SIGN DESIGN SIGN NO. OR7-8c 18 ) -21..25D5 2.25 5.25WHEELCHAIR1.51.5D USER ONLY -,.SD 2.25 \ BORDER 2.93 12.15 2.92 R=1.5' TH=0.438" IN=0.325" Sign Background: White, Retroreflective sheeting Sign Legend: Green, Retroreflective sheeting Refer to ODOT Sign Policy & Guidelines for details and dimensions. The WHEELCHAIR USER ONLY sign shall only be used with the Disabled Person Parking Sign (R7-8) and the VAN ACCESSIBLE sign (R7-8P) to designate the wheelchair user only spaces as defined in ORS 447.233. Figure 10 15 OREGON TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION Standards for Accessible Parking Places August 2018 SIGN DESIGN SIGN NO. OR7-9 - '2" - — - 3 ( 1. 4 - V � ACCESS AISLE _1.SB SIGN NO. OR7-9a 2 13 O 3C 1.06 1 PARKING , '3B 5.67 \\„_ BORDER ill 10 1 BORDER 2.72 6.55 2.73 R=1.5" R=1.2 5" TH=0.375" TH=0.325" IN=0.375" IN=0.325" Sign Background: White, Retroreflective sheeting Sign Legend: Red, Retroreflective sheeting Sign Symbol: White on Blue, Retroreflective sheeting Sign OR7-9a: Use when back of walk directly behind access aisle is not available for sign placement and sign must be placed to one side of pedestrian access ramp. The No Parking in Access Aisle sign is used to designate an access aisle reserved for persons use parking with DMV permit. Install sign in locations where "No Parking" pavement marking may not be visible regularly from snow or sand. Place sign to have direct view from end of access aisle when possible outside of accessible route. Figure 11 16 • OREGON TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION Standards for Accessible Parking Places August 2018 Sign Suppliers Contact Name Organization Address City State Zip Phone Fax Web Site E-mail David or Peter Fick Allstate Sign&Plaque Corp 70 Burt Dr. Deer Park NY 11729 631-242-2828 631-242-2433 www.alstateslgncom daNdfickSallstatesign.com Blaine Wilson All-Ways Striping 3330 Bellinger Lane Medford OR 97501 541-779-9200 541-690-1205 wwlr.a•waysseipirg.com al-weysSUnner.net Naomi Kerr American Bamcade Co. 60 Grimes Sheet Eugene OR 97402 541343-0143 541-343-2923 wvw.banicade.corn Cad Savage American Barricade Co. 173 NE Columbia Blvd. Portland OR 97211 503-285-6616 503-285-1827 www.bamcede.com cadeSgmail.com Jon Krausch American Ba,icede Co. 2910 Pringle Rd.SE Salem OR 97302 503-378-0020 503-378-180D wux.bamcedecom Andy Sisawc Beaverton Fast Signs 11870 SW Beaverton Beaverton OR 97005 503-526-0216 503-643-0471 wowv.testsigrn/48.eom endy.sinavicNfesbtgm.com Mike Moe Budget reran Signs 10572 SE Washngton St. Portland OR 97216 503-257-7229 503.257-3941 wxv.budget-instant-signs.com budsignel5bbnalll.com Judy Hughes Centel of Medford 3981 Crater Lake Highway Medford OR 97504 541-773-2785 541-776-9060 wxv.rartebhnedford.com )udyeoartelohnedford.com Peter Carlson Carbon Sign Company 1605 NE Forbes Rd Bend OR 97701 541-382-2182 541-382-2196 www.cadsorsigncom pcarlson®cadsonslgn.com Kim McLean Eastern Metal(USA Sign) 1430 Ssaivan St Elmira NY 14901 800-872-7446 607-734-8783 www.iea-slgn.eom kmeleannusa-signsom Gary or Peggy gated Eugene Speedi Sign 459 River Ave Eugene OR 97404 541-461-7276 541-463-1234 wwweugenespeedlsigncom epeedisigrxtfigweamfice.net Steve Brernock Fast Signs-Tigard 11525 SW Pacific Highway Tigard OR 97223 503-244-8813 503-2447753 www.teslsigm.comisla 314(8rfastaigns.com Kim Snook/Buck Johnson 46 Sign LLC 30255 Highway 34 Albany OR 97321 541-928-5858 541-928-9 68 www.bressaigncom biohnson iroressaigncom Kristine Pemberton Hal Signs hc. PO Box515 Bloomington IN 47402 800-254-7446 812332-9816 www.habigns_com kristne(hs1ai ne.com 9 Rhonda Ferguson Lyle Signs.he 8294 Bury Drive Eden Prairie MN 55346 8]]-885-8816x11 952-934-0405 vmw.Mesigrs.com rluMabrgworgglylesigm.com Mary Meyer Martin Bros.hc. 3165 Commercial Street SE Salem OR 97302 503-364-2211 503+6-4-4315 wew..martnbros.wm maryareartinbros.com Tony McGovern McGovern Parking Lot Maintenance PO Box 1107 Lebanon OR 97355 541-990-5837 541-258-1692 mc9owmmaireenencearvehoo.com Greg Andrews Sign Pro 1048 SE Bavelne Hillsboro OR 97123 503-693-7300 503-693E724 www.signpro.com anrsigrero.com Tom Loin Trellis Safety Supply Co Inc 2324 SE Umatilla Street Portland OR 97202 503-235.8531 503-235-5112 www..ffisco.com dovrmtssco.com Bin Corking Zap Manufacturing 12086 Charles Dr Grass Valley CA 95945 800.8245927 530-477-0751 wwvw.tapmfp.com salesaaapmfg.com Jeff LaSource darter Industries Inc. PO Box44549 Tacoma WA 98444 800-426.7967 253-536-8680 www.amar.corn JefL©amtar.eom Pavement Marking Stencil Sources Contact Name Organization Address City State Zip Phone Fax Web Site E-mail Kim Snook/Buck Johnson 46 Sign LLC 30255 Highway 34 Albany OR 97321 541-928-5858 541-928-9088 vevw.ioresssigncom bjohworCforesesigncom Kristine Pemberton Hal Signs Fro POBox515 Bloomington N 47402 800-284-7446 812-332-9816 vwee.taleigne.com krislnerlsllsigm.com Customer Service Lab Safety Supply PO Box1368 Janesvile WI 53547 800.358-0783 800.543-9910 wwe.labsefeb.com cuetsvcOlabsafety.com Tom Loin Traffic Safety Supply Co he 2324 SE Umatilla Street Portland OR 97202 503-235.8531 503-235.5112 vnw.taaco.com tloun5tesco.com Jeff LaSovice lunar Industries Inc. PO Box44549 Tacoma WA 98444 800-426-7967 253-536-9680 vrvw.nanar.com JeffL.Saanar.com Striping Contractors Contact Name Organization Address City State Zip Phone Fax Web Site E-mail Jeff Nokieby A-t Straight Line Striping (formerly known as 1745 Barnes Ave SE Salem OR 97306 503.364.0652 503-391-1140 yruck0000(gfia lc m Straight Line Striping) o,o Mike Lewis AAA 2646 Lone Pine Road Medford OR 97504 541-540.41375 541-779-2858 mikelewie2Schsdernel (formerly meM k known as Arrow Striping) Heather Zahn Accurate Striping,Ins PO Box2617 Bettlegrotad WA 98804 360887-4887 360687-9469 vwwv.aec.rateshipinginc.com lolstriperfgeol.enm John Mllderiberger All-N-One Asphalt Maintenance Inc. 504 Maplewood Dr. St Helens OR 97051 503397-0257 503-397-3423 sweepincecolcentenorg , Blaine Wilson AN-Ways Stripng 3330 Bearger Lane Medford OR 97501 541-779-9200 5414390-1205 sw.walwaysatriping.nom aswaya5derter.net Dennis Woods Arnow Striping&Paining.he PO Box33257 Portland OR 97292 503-254-7895 503-257-2471 vxwi.arrowsaping.us denrisvnoas®hotmell ors Carol Ferguson C&R Striping Co. PO Box 154 Glide OR 97443 541-073-5007 541-496-0220 crfergle(gceMuytelnet Dustin Moist Cartel Sweeping&Striping 1709 NW Eleven Mile Ave Gresham OR 97030 503-661-4337 503-661-4401 wvw.cantelsweeping.com irdoStcarrelsweepir0.com Ryan Olson Coast Pavement Services 105053WTigard St Tigard OR 97223 503-227-4515 503-639-9405 w.ws.maslpevementseMces.com ryenoi5coestpevemsrtsernces.com Nathan W. DMO Striping LLC 1200 Meadowlark PL Mobile OR 97038 503-800-0057 ha www.dmostrIping.com dmastpirgryahoncnm Joseph Crafts Herveys Parking Lot Services 6370 North B Street Springfield OR 97478 541-741-2542 541-741-0600 Ron Hicks Hicks striping&Curbing,Inc PO Box9127 Brooks OR 97305 503-364-4577 503-364-4596 vw.wNtluabiping.wm 15cka5Nckaatnpin9-corn Tony McGovern McGovern Parking Lot Maintenance PO Box 1107 Lebanon OR 97355 541-090-5837 541-258-1692 mcgoveosnaimenerce8yatoo.com Kerry Fuller/Jim Pate Pavement Protectors PO Box7197 Beret OR 97708 541-389-6444 541-383-9302 w.wv.pavepro.net pavaprosdryatoo.c0m Story Nelson Signalize Paving Services.hc. 30410 NE Fernwood Rd. Newberg OR 97132 503-554-8553 503-538-3243 wsw,.signahaepevirgsenices.com estimetinolgsignaturepesingsevkes.cow Darlene Dotter Star Striping Company 1010 SE 139th Portland OR 97233 503-252-0448 503-252-0448 Russet Dusky Ships-Rite Company 3827 E.Man Street Hillsboro OR 97123 503-848-7875 503-648-7875 Darns Ware Ware-Ever Striping 134935W 75th Place Tigard OR 97223 503-620.2225 503.620-8464 w.wiwere-awr.com dennagiware-ever.c0m James Lowrey Vanguard Striping LLC E.171hCimde Laeenter WA 98629 360-798-9021 8863344543 wm,ivanguardatripng.com fames©wnguurdselping.com Last Updated:January-17 17