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2 i-¢TERAL SI.) PO1Z. ; ( 1
The Ledger Board
Decks that are attached to a house require a ledger board to be fastened to the house structure, and the deck joists are
fastened to the ledger. If your deck will be free-standing and not attached to the house, skip this section and proceed to
Free-Standing Decks.
There are several methods for attaching the ledger to the house, depending on how the house was built and how high
the deck will be located relative to the house's existing floor framing.The ledger can be fastened to the house band
board (or rim joist) (Figure 5 or 6),the wall studs(Figure 7)or a concrete wall (Figure 8).You will need to verify the ex-
isting conditions before you apply for a building permit. If you can't verify the existing conditions or if they are different 1
from Figures 5,6,7 or 8 then a free-standing deck is required (see Free-Standing Decks).
Siding and Flashings:The siding or exterior finish system must be removed to install the ledger board against the wall
sheathing.Two layers of continuous flashing must be properly installed to prevent water from getting into the wall
where the siding has been removed. See Figure 5.The flashing material may be copper(using copper nails),stainless
steel, galvanized steel coated with 1.85 oz/sf of zinc (G-185 coating), UV-resistant plastic, or self-sealing bituminous (tar)
"peel-and-stick" flashing.The first layer is attached directly to the exterior wall sheathing starting behind and above the
bottom edge of the building paper and siding, continuing straight down the face of the wall behind the ledger board
(before it is installed) and end-
First layer flashing behind building ing on the outer face of the
Exterior wall sheathing . 1 and ledger board, and over siding exterior wall siding or foun-
dation below the bottom of
15/32" max Sisheathing)
Second layer"Z" flashing over top the ledger board. Self-sealing
Existing wall I and down face of ledger board bituminous peel-and-stick
C , • flashing is ideal for the first
////1V // a Decking over layer. Pre-formed Z-shaped
Existing 2X .. + deck joist metal flashing is ideal for the
rim (band) T 2X ledger, same size outer,second layer of flashing.
It is installed after the ledger
. A
2X floor joistas deck joist board and before the joists,
R starting behind and above the
Joist hanger LUS26 bottom edge of the building
I 1 (or equal) min. paper and siding, continuing
Existing wall framing I • 1/2" lag screws or down vertically to the top of
the ledger board, bending
or concrete wall I (2) #14X4" wood screws or horizontally to the outer face
(shown dashed) I I (2) 1/4"X4" Simpson SDS screws of the ledger board, and bend-
ing equal) at spacing "S" ing again vertically down the
face of the ledger board at
least 1/2"
AFig.5:Attachment of Ledger Board to Band Board with Lag or Wood Screws
(See Fig. 12 for spacing and clearances)
Spacing"S"
Joist Span 1/2"dia.lag screws*! #14 X4"wood screws (2)Simpson SDS 1/4'X4"
0< span<_8' 23" 10" 16"
8' <span <_10' 18" 8" 16"
10' <span <_14' 13" 6" 12"
14' <span <_16' 11" 5" 9"
*The tip of lag screw shall fully extend beyond inside face of rim joist!From table R502.2.2.1 of 2011 ORSC.
Manufactured Wood Joists(MWJs): If the existing house floor joists are MWJs, and not "/
solid-sawn lumber,you will need to submit a ledger attachment detail that is approved
by the MWJ manufacturer or a licensed engineer. Examples of MJWs areTJI, GPI and A Fig.4:MWJ profile
LPI. See Figure 4. Older homes constructed with MWJs may have a plywood band
board,while some newer homes may have 1 1/4-inch manufactured wood rim joists.
DECK DESIGN GUIDE • 7
Framing Connections
Joist Hangers:Joist hang- Mechanical fasteners may be
ers (see Fig. 16)shall have a (3) 8d toe installed in lieu of toe-nails
minimum capacity of 1,000 nailed
pounds. Joist hangers used -4-- Joists --pm-
shall be manufactured for
A
their intended lumber size. ,i
ji
i IT ►,Joist-to-Beam Connection:
Each joist shall be attached
to the beam as shown in i Beam
Fig. 16 or 17.
A Fig.16:Typical joist hangers A Fig.17:Joist-to-beam detail
Secure decking to top
or rim joist with#10X3" min. Rim Joists:Attach a continuous rim joist
wood screw at 6"O.C. to the ends of joists as shown in Figure
Joists 18. Note that the rim joists are required
at both ends of joists in free-standing
decks. Minimum rim joist dimensions
• shall be equal to the dimensions of
the joist.
4110e :
'?'''N'N i
Built-up Beams: Built-up beams shall be
i'': Attach rim joist to end of each assembled in accordance with Figure 19.
joist with (5)#10X3" min. The nailing pattern shall be staggered
wood screws as shown.
\___
Rim joist Post-To-Beam Connection:The post
to-beam connection shall be made
with premanufactured mechanical
connectors as shown in Figure 20.
A Fig. 18:Rim joist connection Post-to-beam connections may also be
10d nail or#10 (2)fasteners, accomplished using a minimum 6x6
wood screw, typ each end post notched for a 4x beam as shown in
\ Figure 21.All thru-bolts shall have wash-
ers at the bolt head and nut.
IIIIMIIIMIIIIIIIMII
ON
typ. typ.
A Fig. 19:Built-up-beam
2" min.�� (2) 1/2" dia. through
(2) 2X beam �, �_ bolt and washers
Post to beam 'r •9- •
connector or 4X beam
(2) 2X beam •._01 -
or 4X beam -it ,
ip 11/2 min. "r
Notch post to
accommodate beam
4X4 min.
6X6 min.
_ A Fig.20-Post-to-beam connection A Fig.21 -Post-to-beam connection
12 • DECK DESIGN GUIDE
reestanding Decks
Decks that are free-standing do not utilize the exterior wall of the Rim joist
existing house to support vertical or lateral loads.
Freestanding decks allow the exterior siding to remain
on the house,so there is less opportunitiy for
water to get into the wall structure. =`
Fr �� II� ,;
Freestanding decks may use precast ���
INN
footing pads set 12" below the surface // r
of the ground on firm, undisturbed , �N I
Joist
native soil. Rim ,' lq overhang
joist 141iiii
Freestanding decks require an addition- Joistal beam, posts and footings, instead of Gradera ledger board attached to the house. ��
11111101
t
V
41. A Fig. 14:Freestanding deck
Lateral Support
Decks more than 30 inches above grade must resist lateral forces (wind and earthquake)with diagonal cross brac-
ing as shown in Figure 15. Bracing shall be located between posts parallel to beams and bolted with a 3/8" diameter
through-bolt at each end to the posts as shown. Diagonal bracing shall also be located perpendicular to beams. Bracing
is required in every other bay between posts for decks with joist spans up to 8 feet, and in every bay for decks with joist
spans greater than 8 feet. If the deck is free-standing, diagonal bracing must be provided on all the posts and in both
directions.
--I— — — _,U L L 11111111111111111
iMmimmmE
• 1• • • •
L.*:
•■,-,-�-r-r.�
0...4
(1)3/8"dia. through bolt •
at each connection 2X6 cross brace1 11
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tgli17
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O ,r
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• •
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_Solid block at intersection of wood Bracing required every bay for deck with joist spans>8'
braces with (1)3/8"dia. through bolt(typ) Bracing required alternate bays with joist spans__8'
♦Fig.15:Diagonal bracing
DECK DESIGN GUIDE • 11
Footings
See Table 1 for footing size and footing thickness
and Figure 22 for post attachment requirements.
The bottom of footings must extend 18 inches
below grade and must bear on solid, native soil.
Bearing conditions must be verified in the field Simpson PB anchor
during the footing inspection, prior to placement ,4or equivalent
of concrete. Footings closer than 3'-0" to the exist- pre-manufactured
ing exterior house wall must bear at the same
elevation as the existing wall footing. Do not cast-in-place
construct footings over utility lines or enclosed post anchor
meters. Call 1-800-332-2344 before you dig. 'I . . It 4
Post Anchors: Premanufactured post anchors shall 6" min l� v
be capable of supporting a minimum of 3,000 _ a•. L _II1=111=
' 1—I
pounds.Where diagonal bracing is required by —III--� ( �- - �. , a I I_-� I I (-I I (—
Figure 15,the post anchors must be rated for hori- :I I• I=III=III=III - III—III—III—III:
zontal (seismic)forces. =1 I I-III-III-I e •: : as • I I—I4A . II=III—I
AFig.22:Typical footing detail
Guardrails
Decks and stairways more than 30 inches above the adjacent grade must have guardrails.The guardrail must be de-
signed to withstand a concentrated load of 200 pounds, in any direction anywhere along its length, and the infill area
must withstand a load of 50 pounds per square foot area.
Guardrails using composite wood, plastic, or other pre-manufactured systems must be designed by a structural engi-
neer licensed in the state of Oregon.
4X4 post, typical, 2X2 picket, typical
do not notch —4'-0" max spacing-A 2X6 or 5/4 board rail cap
- - _ J _ — IIIT2x4attoP
7./
O T. . '
O O O
See guard post _Openings shall not Attach pickets at top and
attachment details allow the passage bottom with (2)#8 screws or
of a 4" dia. sphere (2) 8d spiral shank nails each
AFig.23:Typical guardrail detail
DECK DESIGN GUIDE • 13
2X6 top railing connect to 2X2 picket at 51/2" O.C. max.
post with (2) #10X3" screws attach pickets at top and bottom
(may be flat or vertical) with (2)#8 wood screws or
(2) spiral shank nails each
2X4 bottom railing connect to r 4X4 post
post with (2) #10X3" screws
Decking i
See guard post
attachment options
/ Figs. 25 - 32
Deck framing \ /
A Fig.24:Guardrail railing and picket detail
Guardrail Post Attachment
Here are five options for guardrail post attachment;you may use one of these, or you may submit a different design for
review and approval. Guardrail posts shall be spaced per Figure 23 and attached per Figures 25 through 32.
Note: 2x8 minimum joists are required for Figures 25, 26, 27,30, and 31, and minimum 2x10 joists for Figures 28 and 29.
4X4 posts (pickets and
rails not shown for clarity)
Simpson HD2A or equal holdown
with (2) 5/8" dia. galvanized through
bolts with washers at far side
Decking___. Diem �� A
11/2" min. FAII iv MI6 5/8" dia. galvanized through
Tw. M bolts with washers
2X8 deck 2X8 rim joist with
joints (3) 16d nails at each joist
AFig.25:Guardrail attachment option 1-Deck joists perpendicular,post on outside,manufactured connectors
14 • DECK DESIGN GUIDE
4X4 posts (pickets and—1
rails not shown for clarity)
Simpson HD2A or equal holdown
with (2) 5/8" dia. galvanized
through bolts with washers
Decking „„� /„Aa r//,may at far side
MIMIr'w wf
11/2” -- ` 'A16 i M Ili (2) 5/8” dia. galvanized
Ali rT7El
m through bolts with washers
2X8 min. 2X8 min rim joist with
deck joists (3) #10x3" stainless steel
screws at each joist
AFig.26:Guardrail attachment option 2-Deck joists perpendicular,rim joist on outside,manufactured connectors
1
4X4 posts (pickets and rails—� Simpson HD2A or equal holdown
not shown for clarity) with (2) 5/8" dia. galvanized
through bolts with
washers at far side
Decking
(2) 5/8" dia. galvanized
through bolts with washers
ir 0 0 Ap
2X8 joist
2X blocking with Simpson A34
2X8 min. framing angle each side at
deck joists each end (4 total)
AFig.27:Guardrail attachment option 3-Deck joists parallel,post on outside,manufactured connectors
DECK DESIGN GUIDE • 15
2X6 top railing connect _ 1_ rip 2X2 picket at 51/2" O.C. max.
to post with (2) #10X3" attach pickets at top and
screws (may be flat bottom with (2) #8 wood screws
or vertical) or (2) spiral shank nails each
2X4 bottom railing E/
connect to post with
(2) #10X3" wood screws
1 .---4X4 post
4" max
%/% 1*" A %////
1" min.
1.--4.1 .1. ■ 11/2"11
iii
lar i
A oA 6„
2X10 min—_
4.
L6X3X1/4"X0'-9" steel anglerI (2) 1/2" dia. galvanized through
with (2) 3/4" dia. through bolts bolts with oversized washers
with (2) vertical short slot holes �1 1/4" (11/2" dia. min.)
AFig.28:Guardrail attachment option 4-Deck joists perpendicular,post on outside,custom-fabricated connectors
2X10 joist or 2X10 blocking
with Simpson A34 framing
angle at each side at each
end (4 total) /4X4 post
I�
(2) 3/4" dia. through bolts
• 2X10 rim joist
L6X3X1/4"X0'-9" steel angle
with (2) 3/4" dia. through bolts
with (2) vertical short slot holes
SECTION A-A
AFig.29:Guardrail attachment section for option 4
16 • DECK DESIGN GUIDE
Stairs
Stairways, stringers, handrails and
guardrails shall meet the require- 9" min. tread width
ments shown in Figures 33 through Risers may be open but
36.All stringers shall be minimum shall not deviate shall not allow the passage
2x12.A level landing minimum 3 from one another of a 4" sphere
feet by 3 feet is required at the top by more than 3/8"
(usually this is the deck) and at the ........
bottom of the stairway(usually a Iliconcrete pad, or the ground). ..
Note:This stair detail is for a three- Risers: 1X material min.
•
foot wide maximum stairway with ��
minimum 2x tread material. Plastic 8" max. riser height
or composite decking products may shall not deviate ' milimg'
be used for stair treads; however, from one another /4" to 11/2" nosing
they may require additional stair by more than 3/8" shall not deviate
stringers for bracing. Check with the from one another
manufacturer's requirements. by more than 3/8"
See Brochure#8 for additional
stair information. A Fig.33:Tread and riser detail
Attach 2X tread material to stringers or cleats with (2) #8 screws or (2) 8d nails
per board at each stringer or cleat
2X tread material Stringer
Ig
I • • 2X4 cleat each side
full depth of tread:
pp,
Attach with (4)10d :/MIES
Stringers nails or#8 • •
wood screws P-A. ".:
11,5" min. .
•
• •
Max. span = 8'-0" with (2) stringers Max. span = 15'-6"
Max. span = 10'-3" with (3) stringers
Cut Strinaer Solid Stringer
AFig.34:Stair stringers and tread connections
18 • DECK DESIGN GUIDE
Ammiiiim
5'-0" max.
between posts
Stair guardrail required
ill
for stairs with a total rise /
of 30" or more. See typical /
guardrail details
for more information �/1101111AHAT.
Stair guardrails �
height 34" min. .=.1
measured from �I
nosing of tread wApla
,z' Triangular opening shall
not permit the passage
of a 6" dia. sphere
AFig. 35:Stair guard requirements „ffm Sloped hanger
I[ or LS50 or approved
equal each side
Band board or VIVAIMI
outside joist
AFig.36:Stair stringer connection detail
Stair Handrails
Stairs with four or more risers must have a handrail on
at least one side. Handrails shall be graspable and shall
be of decay-resistant and/or corrosion-resistant material.
See Figure 37.The hand grip portion, if circular, shall be 31/2" max.
between 11" and 2" in cross section. Shapes other than 11/2" min.
circular shall have a perimeter dimension between 4" and �-f Handrail
not greater than 6'/a" with a maximum cross sectional
dimension of 2'/a"All shapes must have a smooth surface
with no sharp corners. Handrails shall run continuously � .
from a point directly above the lowest riser to a point di-
rectly above the highest riser and shall return to the guard / Corrosion
at each end. See Figure 38. Handrails may be interrupted resistant
at guardrail posts only at a turn in the stair. handrail
hardware
AFig.37:Handrail requirements
DECK DESIGN GUIDE • 19
,
•
E _ _ _ _ .
3'-0" min. from
deck surface to
top of guardrail
411r. -,...,..
1111 Na
Handrail shall return
4X4 post, typical at each end
do not notch, Handrail height 34" - 38"
embedded i I v, I from nosing of tread
concrete 36" max. span
iiii
between stringers I
12"X12"X24" • j'.
.. .. �;,� footing 1,1• I_
Ok Fig.38:Miscellaneous stair requirements
craming at a Chimney or Bay Window
IF=cks abuttingchimney a or bay window shall be framed in accordance with Figure 39. Headers with a span length
greater than 6'-0 require a calculation.
it ja / // // / / / / Decking may
I * / / or iv Uextend6" max
•yam 6'-0" max �L�dger
/ b:ard
)1 I'
Chimney or bay
grau=st—. // j / / iL/ IJ
: Double
1111114
' header (2) 1/2" dia
t.
through bolt
Double joist or lag screws
hanger typical at ledger
Plan Section
AFig.39:Requirements for framing at chimney or bay window
20 • DECK DESIGN GUIDE