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Ordinance No. 82-79 f� CITY OF TIGARD, OREGON i Rry ORDINANCE NO. AN ORDINANCE ADOPTING THE AIR, WATER AND LAND RESOURCE QUALITY ELEMENT OF THE TIGARD COMPREHENSIVE PLAN; AND DECLARING AN EMERGENCY. WHEREAS, the City of Tigard finds it necessary to revise its Comprehensive Plan periodically to improve the operation and implementation of that Plan; t and WHEREAS, the Tigard Planning Commission has recommended the adoption of a citywide Comprehensive Plan Element on Air, Water and Land Resource Quality, after holding a public hearing regarding the same; and WHEREAS, the proposed Air, Water and Land Resource Quality Element has been reviewed by the Committee for Citizen Involvement of the City of Tigard; and WHEREAS, the proposed Element has been the subject of comments from the City's Neighborhood Planning Organizations (NPO'S) and individual citizens; and WHEREAS, after considering the comments of the Planning Commission, the Committee for Citizen Involvement, Neighborhood Planning Organizations and individual citizens, the Council believes that the Air, Water and Land Resources Quality Element of the Tigard Comprehensive Plan should be adopted in the form set forth in Exhibit "A" attached hereto and, by this reference, made a part hereof: NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY OF TIGARD ORDAINS AS FOLLOWS: Section 1: The Air, Water and Land Resources Quality Element of the Tigard Comprehensive Plan, as set forth in Exhibit "A", consisting of a title page and thirty pages of text be, and the same hereby is, adopted as a part of the citywide Comprehensive Plan of the City of Tigard. Section 2: In revising and compiling the Tigard Comprehensive Plan, the Planning Director is authorized and directed to edit the Plan as necessary to provide a readable text; however, the Director shall not edit or change any policy or implementation strategy adopted in Exhibit "A" and shall present all portions of the edited Comprehensive Plan to the City Council for its approval. Section 3: In order to provide a uniform date for the effectiveness of this series of Comprehensive Plan revisions to be adopted by the City Council in 1982, an emergency is declared and this portion of the Comprehensive Plan shall become effective on January 1, 1983. PASSED: By vote of all Council members present, after being read by number and title only, this14 day of-2- ,,,,4.- 1982. Recorder - City Tigard APPROVED: By the Mayor, this day of ����c�6 Pv , 1982. Mayor - City of Tigard��, ORDINANCE NO. 82- *7q (File O333A) AIR,, WATER LAND RES URCES %apm%LITY Comprehensive Plan Report CIT Y OF TIGARD WASHINGTON COUNTY,OREGON ADOPTED BY CITY COUNCIL DECEMBER 13, 1982 ORDINANCE 82-79 4 :Y AIR, WATER AND LAND RESOURCE QUALITY 1 f j 1 4 COMPREHENSIVE PLAN REPORT c TIGARD PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT j OCTOBER 1982 REVISED DECEMBER 10, 1982 1 i CITY COUNCIL PLANNING COMMISSION Wilbur Bishop - Mayor Frank Tepedino - President Cliff Speaker John Cook Donald Moen Tom Brian Richard Helmer Nancie Stimler Mark Christen Ken Scheckla Roy Bonn Bonnie Owens Deane Leverett Phil Edin C } 1 k PROJECT STAFF Bob Jean - City Administrator F William A. Monahan - Director of Planning and Development Jeremy Coursolle - Associate Planner Liz Newton - Associate Planner Frank Currie - Public Works Director Patt Martin - Word Processing Loreen Wilson Office Manager ADOPTED BY TIGARD CITY COUNCIL DECEMBER 13, 1983 ORDINANCE NO. 82-79 1 ........... .... ... .._.. ...... TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION AIR QUALITY 2 NOISE 11 WATER 17 LAND RESOURCES 20 FINDINGS, POLICIES, & IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES 22 BIBLIOGRAPHY 28 a { r Page 1 INTRODUCTION This report provides a technical background inventory and problem ide-ttification for the Tigard Comprehensive Plan in relation to LCDC Statewide Planning Goal #6 - Air, Water and Land Resouces Quality. The purpose of Goal #6 is: "To maintain and improve the quality of the air, water and land resources quality of the state. All waste and process discharges from future development, when combined with such discharge front existing developments shall not threaten to violate, or violate applicable state or federal environmental quality statutes, rules and standards. With respect to air, water and land resources of the applicable air sheds and river basins described or included in state environmental quality statutes, rules, standards and implementation plan, such discharges shall not (1) exceed the carrying capacity of such resources, considering long range needs; (2) degrade such resources; or (3) threaten the availability of such resources." In this goal the words "waste and process discharges" refer to "solid waste, thermal, noise, atmosphere or water pollutants, contaminants, or products therefrom. Also included in this definition are indirect sources of air pollution which results in emissions of air contaminants for which the state has established standards." (Source: Statewide Planning Goal M. All point and nonpoint pollution sources and areas are catalogued and monitored by the State Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) which has responsibility to ensure that the carrying capacity of the area resource is not exceeded. Jurisdiction Coordination ORS 197.180 and DEQ's Coordination Program approved by LCDC require that DEQ-issued permits, facility plans, and construction grants for new or expanded facilities will not be approved or become effective until DEQ i received evidences from the responsible local planning authorities that the proposal is compatible with local land use provisions. Applicants for DEQ permits, grants, etc. must obtain a local "Statement of Compatibility." This statement issued by the local planning agency (City of Tigard Department of Planning and Development) must certify that the proposal is compatible with LCDC the Statewide Planning Goals. If DEQ receives a negative local statement of compatibility they will not take action; the permit or approval will not be issued or if the permit was issued conditionally already, it will not become effective. If the local statement of compatibility is positive, DEQ will test the proposed action for compatibility with state and federal environmental quality requirements and relevant provisions of Goal #6 and Goal #11 (Public Facilities and Services). Page 2 This coordinating system essentially places the responsibility for evaluating land use decisions for any proposed DEQ action under local control and places the responsibility for evaluating the more technical environmental issues tinder DEQ control. AIR QUALITY* Tigard is within Portland's airshed described as the Portland Air Quality Maintenance Area (AQMA) which is a designated non-attainment area. Within the Portland AQMA, the Metropolitan Service District (MDS) is the lead agency responsible for pollution reduction programs aimed at carbon monoxide (CO) and photochemical oxidants (Ox), of which the primary element of concern is ozone (03). The responsibility of pollution reduction programs with total suspended particles (TSP) is the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ). MSD and DEQ inventory pollutants and make recommendations for controls and strategies to the Air Quality Advisory Committee, composed of representatives from the jurisdictions, interests groups and the public at large within the AQMA. Ambient Air Standards Federal and state standards for air quality have been developed for various pollutants consistent with health and welfare concerns. (See Figure I) Federal standards are established by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and are divided into two (2) classes, primary and secondary. Primary standards are designed to protect the public health with a builtin margin of safety. Secondary standards are somewhat stricter and are designed to protect the public welfare from adverse effects such as visibility reduction, soiling, material damage and nuisances. When the secondary standard is identical to the primary standard, it has been determined that the primary standard will also be protective of welfare. (See Table I) Air Pollution Major air pollutants include total suspended particulates, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, photochemical oxidants, nitrogen dioxide, and hydrocarbons. Total suspended particulates consist of solid and liquid particles of soot, dust, aerosols, and fumes ranging from 0.1 to 100 microns and averaging about 2 microns in size (1 micron = 1/2,540"). Suspended particulates originate in combustion sources, motor vehicles, industry process losses, dust, field and slash burning, and natural sources such as ocean spray and wind-raised dust. Suspended particulates aggravate chronic lung disease, heart and lung disease symptoms; and causes damage to various types of materials as well as visibility reduction. t' Sulfur dioxide is a colorless, pungent, irritating gas from oil and coal 4� combustion and industry process losses. It aggravates asthma, heart and lung disease, particularly for the elderly; irritates lungs ; is corrosive to metals and marble; and causes plant damage. *Source: 1981 Oregon Air Quality Annual Report, Department of Environmental Quality. TABLE 1 Page 3 Ambient Air Quality Standards for Oregon Federal Standards Primary Secondary Oregon Pollutant Averaging Time (Health) (Welfare) Standard j 3* 3 3 Total Annual Geometric 75 ug/m 60 ug/m 60 ug/m Suspended Mean Particulate 24 hours(1) 260 ug/m3 150 ug/m3 150 ug/m3 Monthly (2) _ - 100 ug/m3 Ozone(4) 1 hour 235 ug/m3(3) 235 ug/m3(3) 235 ug/m3(3) Carbon Monoxide 8 hours(1) 10 mg/m3** 10 mg/m3 10 mg/m3 1 hour (1) 40 mg/m3 40 mg/m3 40 mg/m3 Sulfur Dioxide Annual Arithmetic 80 ug/m3 - 60 ug/m3 Average 24 hours(1) 365 ug/m3 - 260 ug/m3 3 hours - 1300 ug/m3 1300 ug/m3 Nitrogen Annual Arithmetic 100 ug/m3 100 ug/m3 100 ug/m3 Dioxide Average Hydrocarbons 3 hours(l) 160 ug/m3 160 ug/m3 160 ug/m3 (None thane) (6-9 a.m.) Lead Monthly - - 3 ug/m3 Calendar Quarter 1.5 ug/m3 1.5 ug/m3 - i NOTES: I * Micrograms of pollutant per cubic meter of air. ** Milligrams of pollutant per cubic meter of air. i (1) Not to be exceeded on more than one day per year. G (2) 24-hour average not to be exceeded for more than 15 percent of the samples in a calendar month. (3) A statistical standard, but basically not to be exceeded more than an average one day per year based on the most recent three years or data. (4) The state standard was revised on January 22, 1982• Source: Air Quality Annual Report - 1981, DEQ. 4 � Page 4 Carbon monoxide is a colorless, ordorless gas which is highly toxic. It comes from incomplete combustion sources, most frequently from motor vehicles. Carbon monoxide interferes with the blood's ability to carry oxygen, causing heart difficulties; it also reduces lung capacity and impairs mental abilities. Ozone is a colorless, odorless, toxic gas. Ozone arises from photochemical processes in the atmosphere by reaction between oxides of nitrogen and hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight, and is generally a consequence of industrial and combustion sources and motor vehicles. It can cause eye irritation, damage to lung tissue and lung functions, material damage and plant damage. Nitrogen dioxide is a reddish-brown gas toxic in high concentrations. It is formed by conversion of nitric oxide from motor vehicles, combustion sources and industrial sources. It increases chronic bronchitis and irritae�s lungs. Hydrocarbons are a large family of compounds consisting of hydrogen and carbons. They are generated by motor vehicles, evaporated fuel losses, industry and combustion process. Hydrocarbons actively participate in oxidant formation and cause plant damage. Methane, a particular hydrocarbon, is produced naturally by the decay of organic matter and is not significant in oxidant formation. While Oregon has a reputation for having a relatively clean environment, there are four areas of the state designated as not being in attainment with federal air quality standards for one or more pollutant. The Portland-Vancouver area is one of these designated areas. The Portland-Vancouver Air Quality Maintenance Area (AQMA) is not in attainment with the 8-hour carbon monoxide standard and the ozone standard and contains subareas that are not in attainment with the secondary total suspended particulate standard. However, for most of western Oregon, air quality in 1981 was the best it has been in six years. Total suspended particulate, carbon monoxide and lead levels declined, although one severe and abnormal heat wave during the year caused several violations of the ozone standard. TABLE II* Status of Attainment Plans for Areas Exceeding Federal Air Quality Standards Area Pollutant Total Suspended Carbon Particulate Monoxide Ozone Portland-Vancouver AQMA Plan Adoption Date 12-80 Expected 7-82 Expected 7-82 f Projected Attainment Date 1987 1985 1987 Source: Air quality Annual Report - 1981, Oregon State Department of Environmental Quality. 77,.i- „ J Portland Mon-Attainment and Air Quality Maintenance Area r I ; J o � Nuc ,tel:;:•; r. u --� - t::+•`:1 �::! .,;, , g• a 10 L'•:i�::�// Ir':'::'::•: tic fa �.� =!w 1. 10•• •'�"�''�' — t y" to r e ry ••D m Z !1 F fi 77:,""'. r'^••"•'s'_r.Aa ,....-,. �S:.a" .•,,. F.�.. +`"� ,._ _wv,r.ice,,. Page 5 In the Portland AQMA, the decrease in total suspended particulate levels was not accompanied by a decrease in fine particulate levels. From an analysis of meteorological conditions, it appears that 1981 was an average ventilation year. The major decrease in total suspended particulate was in coarse particulate, and the major source of coarse particulate in. Portland is soil and road dust. It is highly suspected that reduced amounts of wintertime road sanding and much better pickup of the material occurred. Some reQidual effect from the previous year of intense volcanic ashfall cleanup may also have been significant. Carbon monoxide levels at most sites in the State showed a distinct improvement over 1980 levels, both in average levels and in the number of days violations were recorded. The single most important factor in the improved carbon monoxide levels is the reduction in tailpipe emissions from new automobiles as a result of the Federal Motor Vehicle Emission Control Program. Meteorology and Air Pollution Episodes During normal conditions air quality is maintained as a balance between emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere and the atmosphere's ability to disperse or remove these pollutants. Occassionally, atmospheric conditions stagnate, causing an imbalance which may lead to elevated levels of pollutants depending on the strength and length of the stagnation period. The; National Weather Service attempts to predict and track periods of poor atmospheric conditions by issuing Air Stagnation Advisories (ASA's) when such conditions are expected to persist for a significant period of time. In the event air pollution levels exceed prescribed limits, and other criteria are met, the Department declares an air pollution episode. Various stages of episodes may be declared depending on the levels measured. These stages range from Forecast, which is based solely on the issuance of an ASA, through Alert, Warning, and Emergency, which are based on specific concentrations of air pollutants. At each stage, certain activities are carried out as described in the Department's Emergency Action Plan. These activities range from an internal watch through public advisories to the ability to curtail industrial and public activities if pollutant levels continue to rise to Emergency levels. Air Quality Trends An often asked question about air quality is, "Is it getting better or worse?" On the surface, this would appear an easy question to answer but a closer look reveals many problems and pitfalls. Air quality data rarely shows an absolute trend, each value greater or less than the preceding one, but rather shows variations with distinct time intervals. Some periods of time are expected to show higher values of certain pollutants than others. For example, carbon monoxide values are typically higher during weekdays than on weekends, and particulate values vary seasonally due to, among other things, space heating requirements. In the midst of this periodic variation a trend analysis must be able to distinguish a true or significant trend over a sufficient period of time to make a viable statement regarding the long term trend of the data. TABLE III Page 6 Air Quality Trends* and Number of Days Exceeding Standards for Selected Oregon Cities City TSP TSP Trends CO Trends03 Albany 0 03 Trends Baker 0 Bend 1 +y Coos Bay 0 Eugene- 1 Springfield 3 Grants Pass 0 i zs Klamath Falls 0 �� La Grande 5 Lake Oswego 0 -- Medford 4 53 MSlwaukie 0 �y w Oregon City 0 �y Pendleton. 4 Portland 5 24 Roseburg 0 Salem 0 The Dalley 0 White City Legend: TSP Total Suspended Particulate CO Carbon Monoxide 03 Ozone -- Not monitored. Exceeded only annual standard. a >' Trends based on most recent 5 Years of data. one reflect a change Pre-1479 In the values were adjusted down by 22,5% Co ozone calibration method. Trends are reported only if significant c at the 40% confidence level. .� Not enough g years of data to compute trends, t Measured levels Increasing. Measured levels decreasing. -►—► No significant trends. Designated Nonattainment Area for the pollutant noted. Source: Air Quality Annual Report — 1981, DEQ_ � V TABLE IV Page 7 Number of Days Air Stagnation Advisories were Issued by the National Weat5er Service Willamette Southwest Valley Interior except Eastern ASA-Daysaa Year Valley Eug!2ne Eugene Portland Oregon Total 1972 2 6 6 6 6 6 19T3 4 3 2 3 0 7 1974 11 16 16 16 0 17 1975 26 1 1 1 0 26 1576 44 20 26 1T 1 44 1977 23 5 6 5 15 29 1978 154 13 17 13 0 20 1979 114 17 17 13 0 21 1980 43 21 21 8 _ 0 44 1981 36— 17 18 12_ SL 3fz_ 10 Year Average 21.5 11 .9 13.0 9.4 2.2 25.0 4 !::eludes one ASA that extended only to Roseburg. e4 'One ASA-DAY is defined as an ASA in at least one of the identified areas. TABLE V Maximum Pollutant Concentrations During Air Pollution Episodes-Declared by the DEQ- Total Suspended Carbon Particulate HQnozide Q4p= Maximum / Maximum P Maximum 1 Concentr.:'_on Concentration Concentration Area Year Date2 ujt/m3 Dates mg/m3 Date3 uklm� Portland 1975 None !/ None OT/23-OT/25 254* 1976 None 11/30-12/06 IT.T None 1977 Hone None 08/08-08/18 450' 1976 None Noge 08/03-08/04 300' 06/08-08/09 294 1979 None 11/10-11/11 19.9 07/16-07/18 333 1980 05/30-06/03** 509 12/06-12/21 24.1 None 06/15-06/23** 3334 None 06l27-OT/01"' 654 10/17-10/19*• 326 12/16-12/18 26T I QA Mane / Values in this table were reported as unverified during the episode and may not correspond to valae3 listed elsewhere in this summary. 6 !/ None means standards were not violated during an episode during the year.. Pre-1979 ozone levels were measured with a different calibration method. The pre-1979 levels should be reduced by 20-25$ for comparison with •1979 and later values. Nigh levels are due to volcanic ash. Source: Air Quality Annual Report 1981,,Oregon State Department o� Environmental Quality. Page 8 To further complicate matters, many non-periodic occurrences can affect a trend analysis. Changes in traffic patterns near a carbon monoxide monitor could lead to erroneous trend predictions unless the change was noted. Meteorology and industrial activity due to economic conditions can severely affect air quality data. Since these effects are quite difficult to quantitatively account for, most trend analyses point out their existence as a caution to the reader. The air quality trends presented in Table III rcp�esent statistically significant trends in measured air quality without regard to mitigating circumstances such as meteorology or economy. They are based on annual average data collected over the period 1977-81 and are reported only if significant at the 90% confidence level. [good Heating and Air Quality The most rapidly growing source of particulate air pollution in Oregon is residential wood space heating. Airshed studies have identified wood heating as a significant source of uncontrolled pollutants and a major cause of violations of the state and federal ambient air quality standards in Portland. Currently, more than 50% of Oregon's households use wood for some space heating. Heating with wood is expected to continue as more and more individuals try to offset accelerating home heating costs of conventional sources of heat. Unfortunately, a wood stove can emit 224 times more particulate_ than an oil furnace and up to 457 times more than natural gas for the same heat value. IF YOU ARE BURNING PROPERLY YOU CAN SEE T__HE DIFFERENCE. i o , 7 �aT 9 t +� " f RIGHT. WRONG. A hot,clean burning fire. A smouldering, damped-down fire. Page 9 This accelerating trend in using wood for home heating results in large quantities of fine particulate and carbon monoxide being emitted from woodstoves and fireplaces six months of the year at essentially ground level in many residential neighborhoods. Wood smoke contains very small particles, the majority of which are within a size range that can evade the body's natural filtering mechanisms and cause health effects when pollutant levels accumulate during periods of poor ventilation. Relatively high concentrations of these respirable particles have been measured in densely populated urban areas. For example, respirable wood heating impacLs in a Portland residential neighborhood have exceeded 60 ug/m3 on a 24-hour basis during the winter of 1981-82. For those households that heat with wood, the DEQ has been recommending the following: 1. Fully weatherize and insulate all dwellings. These measures will help reduce the amount of wood used for space heating or eliminate the need to burn wood. For households that plan to heat with wood, we highly recommend that you insulate before installing a wood burning appliance. 2. Select a wood stove that is properly sized for the area to be heated. Oversized wood heating appliances will put out too much heat, causing the operator to choke down the combustion air supply to decrease heat output; this increases creosote buildup and causes more particulates to be released. 3. Avoid burning wood on poor air quality days or during moderate temperatures; if possible, use conventional heat sources during these periods. 4. Follow good stove operating practices: How you burn makes a big difference in terms of efficiency, safety and emissions released. 5. Allow adequate combustion air into the firebox. Restriction of the air supply substantially increases the quantity of pollutants emitted from woodstoves. 6. Burn with a hot fire when starting the stove. A great deal of pollutants are given off in the first 30 to 45 minutes of a burn cycle and when reloading the firebox. High firebox temperatures are required for complete combustion. Smoldering fires cause heat loss in the form of usable chemical energy going up the chimney. 7. Burn well-seasoned dry wood. Wet wood is less energy efficient and may cause more creosote buildup. 8. Don't over] ad the firebox. A small charge of wood arranged to maximize air circulation helps to obtain more complete combustion and reduced emissions. 9. Use pieces of wood that are between 3-1/2 and 5 inches in diameter for the most efficient, least polluting burn. i Page 10 10. Do not burn plastics, garbage or coal. These give off additional hazardous or toxic gases and pollutants. Indoor air quality may also be affected. 11. For safety, maintain your appliance in good operating condition. Check for smoke leaks and clean the flue and chimney regularly. 12. Compare the cost of wood heating. When all the costs of wood heating are accounted for, in many cases it will be found that it is still cheaper to use conventional sources of fuel. At present, the DEQ is prohibited from regulating home heating devices, including wood stoves and fireplaces. However, the Department is considering several options to resolve the problem of growing emissions from household wood heating. These are: 1. Conduct a statewide voluntary wood stove emission rating and labeling program. This would provide the consumer with a means of comparing appliances based on their actual test performance. 2. Provide a consumer pollution control tax credit for installing new or replacement clean-burning stoves. 3. Conduct an Emission Performance Certification Program. This would allow only clean-burning appliances to be sold. These options are preliminary only and subject to revisions. They are being evaluated as to their feasibility, public acceptability, cost, and energy and environmental effectiveness, and would require legislative authority to implement. Goals and Objectives for the Department of Environmental Quality 1. Administer an effective air quality program. 2. Attain and maintain air quality standards statewide and prevent significant deterioration of air quality in clean air areas. 3. Attain and maintain adequate data bases statewide. 4. Maintain control of point source emissions. 5. Develop, implement, and promote implementation of control strategies for significant area source emissions. 6. Minimize impacts of field burning and slash burning smoke on air quality. 7. Reduce automotive caused air pollution through operation of a periodic inspection/maintenance program. 8. Promote better understanding of air quality issues through communication with the public and other agencies. Page 11 l State Implementation Plan Activities Although these strategies are directed towards the City of Portland, the impacts affect Tigard as well as the entire Portland Metropolitan Area. Portland-Vancouver AQMA (Oregon Portion) Carbon Monoxide Control Strategy The City of. Portland agreed with the Metropolitan Service District and DEQ to take the lead in developing a carbon monoxide control strategy plan for the region, since the carbon monoxide problem is largely confined to downtown Portland. A draft plan was put together in 1981 with feedback from the Portland Air Quality Advisory Committee. The control plan is expected to enable the Portland area to meet the 8-hour carbon monoxide standard by 1985. Portland-Vancouver AQMA (Oregon Portion) Ozone Control Strategy In the fall of 1981, the DEQ and the Metropolitan Service District completed work on a revised ozone analysis, based on 1980 data. Results of the analysis indicate that controls on existing industrial sources adopted in 1980 plus a continuation of present control programs on transporation sources, will be more than sufficient to project attainment with the ozone standard by 1987. Chief elements of the proposed control strategy are listed below. 1. Portland area biennial Auto Inspection and Maintenance program; 2. Committed transporation projects, with special emphasis on the Banfield Light Rail Transit project; and 3. Existing Volatile Organic Compound Rules applied to existing industrial sources. To manage new industrial growth, the DEQ plans to utilize a surplus in required emissions reductions as a growth cushion. Oregon and Washington would share the growth cushion on an 85%-15% basis, respectively, because of the interstate nature of the AQMA. An ozone control strategy based on the above components was drafted in 1981. A finalized control plan must be submitted to EPA for incorporation into the Oregon State Implementation Plan by July, 1982. NOISE* Noise is more than just a nuisance. It constitutes a real and present danger to people's health. Though we seem to adjust to noise after long periods of exposure, the body still responds; and sometimes with extreme tension. Feelings of annoyance and frustration may develop either from direct exposure to noise or from an inability to communicate or relax when noise is present. The body reacts to this stress with increased release of adrenalin, constriction of blood vessels, and increased heart rate. Noise does not have to be loud to bring on these responses. Noise well below the levels usually associated with hearing damage can cause regular and predictable adverse changes in the body. *Source: Comprehensive Plan Noise Element Guidelines, Department of Environmental Quality. t Page 12 i Perhaps because annoyance and frustration are so commonplace in our lives we tend to take noise pollution for granted, without realizing the effect it may have on our lives. Conscientious planning for an improved quality of life must include measures to limit our exposure to noise pollution. The purpose of this document is to assist those involved with the development and review of the noise element of local comprehensive land use plans. These guidelines explain the DEQ's role in statewide control of noise and provide information on how a city, county or regional can ensure that the Statewide Planning Goals are met with regard to noise pollution. Noise is a waste or process discharge, and falls within the scope of Statewide Planning Goal #6, adopted by the Oregon Land Conservation and Development Commission. Other goals are directly or indirectly related to the environment and noise pollution, e.g. transportation, Goal #12. Transportation corridors have a significant noise impact on surrounding noise sensitive 'living and use areas, for instance, and most decisions concerning the amount and type of rousing needed for a community will indirectly have noise impact consequences upon future residents. The Oregon Legislature, when adopting the Noise Control Act of 1971, found that noise at "unreasonable levels is as much a threat to the environmental quality of life . - . and the health, safety and welfare of the people of this state as is pollution of the air and waters . . ." (ORS Chapter 467.) This legislation authorized the DEQ, through the Environmental Quality Commission, to adopt and enforce statewide standards of noise control. Types of Noise Sources The following is a breakdown of source areas perceived by DEQ as having potential noise problems. This list is not all-inclusive, but merely points out typical problem sources. It should be noted that the proximity of the noise source to noise sensitive property is very important in evaluating any specific noise source. Noise-sensitive property includes residences, motels, churches, hospitals, libraries and places where people normally sleep. Potential noise sources in Tigard are: 1. Highways and freeways; 2. Local industrial and commercial facilities; 3. Construction equipment and activities; 4. Collector and local streets; 5. Railroad operations; and 6. Residential sources (furnaces, air conditioners, barking dogs, loud voices, and off-road vehicles). i i i Page 13 4 y Highway and Traffic Noise Effective control of the undesirable effects of highway and traffic generated noise requires a three-part approach: 1) source emission reduction; 2) improved highway design; and 3) land use control. The first two components are currently being addressed by private industry and j by federal and state agencies. The third area is traditionally an area of local governmental responsibility. I Source emission reduction requires the development of quieter cars and trucks. There is some probability that legislation will provide quieter cars and trucks in the future; however, while significant progress is being made in research to reduce vehicle engine and exhaust noise, tire design - the major source of high speed traffic noise, may place limits .,.. further impro:•ements: Thus, land use control will continue to be a crucial component of the three-part approach to noise control. Local governments will continue to have the responsibility for discouraging the development of noise-sensitive land uses (such a homes and schools) in highway noise impacted areas and for ensuring that any such development which does occur is planned to minimize the adverse effects of noise. The administrative techniques available to local governments fall into five categories: zoning; other legal restrictions such as subdivision laws, building, and health codes; municipal ownership or control of the land; financial incentives for compatible use; and educational and advisory i municipal services. Zoning can be a strong local control on new development, but has little control over existing land uses. Zoning as a noise compatibility control includes: 1. Exclusion of such typically incompatible uses as residences from a noise-impacted area by allowing only industrial uses. This is a simple and effective technique. However, such zoning needs to be carefully studied since it may conflict with other plans for community growth, and it may render the land worthless if no demand exists for industrial land. 2. Regulation of development design or construction, such as limiting building height or requiring buffer strips, noise barriers, and sound insulating construction. This is usually effective, but often the applicability of the requirements extends to buildings that do not need the special construction techniques to be noise compatible. 3. Special development concepts such as cluster and planned development. These forms of innovative zoning make possible developments with significant noise control advantages over the conventional subdivision. Page 14 Municipal ordinances other than zoning can act as noise compatible land use controls: I. Subdivision or development standards can require acoustical site planning of the development by berms and barriers. 2. Environmental impact statements can be required for new development projects. Of course, if the City owns the noise-impacted land, it can keep the land vacant or ensure that it is developed with noise compatible uses. Relaxation of enforcement of provisions of municipal regulation can, where legal, be used as an incentive to obtain voluntary acoustical site design and construction measures from developers and builders. Additionally, city information services can be made available to builders and developers through such things as an architectural review board, a city design service, an acoustical information library, or a public information effort to make the public aware of acoustical incompatibilities and their prevention. Industrial and Commercial Noise A basic problem in dealing with industrial and commercial uses is their relationship to residential uses. Besides providing appropriate for industrial uses, the utilization of techniques such as clusteringtrds andaplanned developments for industrial areas should mitigate adverse environmental impacts and land-use conflicts. In areas where incompatible land uses already exist, strict adherence to DEQ noise emission standard and utilization of the best available abatement strategies and technologies is required. New light industrial activities can generally minimize their effects on surrounding land uses by means such as site planning, architectural design, construction methods, and barrier construction. Techniques available for shielding abutting development from noise impacts include: 1. Increasing the distance between the noise source and the noise receiver; 2. Planning land uses such as parking lots, maintenance facilities, and utility areas between the source and the receiver; 3. Locating barrier type buildings parallel to the noise source; 4. Orienting abutting development away from the noise source. Heavy industrial activities are, by their nature, not extremely compatible with less intensive land uses, particularly residences. Siting of heavy industrial uses near residences, as seen in the case south of Hunziker Street and wLst of Cherry Street, is an invitation to land use conflicts. To as great an extent as possible, these industries should be segregated and buffered from less intensive uses. -14- Page 15 l Design criteria recommends that the outside daytime noise levels in a residential areas should not exceed 50 dBa (45 dBa inside dwellings: a maximum reduction of 20 dBa is possible by closing windows). Noise Control and Standards The Oregon Legislature has authorized the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) and the Environmental Quality Commission (EQC) to adopt and enforce statewide standards for noise control. Standards presently adopted by Oregon Administrative Rule (OAR) are contained in OAR 340-35-005 through 340-35-100 and are summarized as follows as they are related to the Tigard area: 1. All new motor vehicles sold within Oregon must meet maximum allowable decibel limits. Vehicle categories include automobiles and light trucks, motorcycles, buses, snowmobiles and medium and heavy trucks. Aacing vehciles are exempt from this rule (OAR 340-35-025). 2. In-use motor vehicle emission standards are established and referenced to moving and stationary monitoring procedures. Road vehicles and off-road recreational vehicles are included in this rule. Ambient standards for off-road recreational vehicles impacting adjacent noise sensitive property are also included in this rule (OAR 340-35-030). 3. Industrial and commercial noise sources must meet ambient noise ( standards measured at the nearest "noise sensitive property". "Noise sensitive property" includes residences, hospitals, schools, churches, libraries and places where people normally sleep. The definition for industry is very broad, but some activities are exempted for reasons of lack of control technology, lack of an adequate standard or preemption by federal regulations (OAR 340-35-035). Industrial and commercial noise standards are based upon protection of speech communication during the daytime (7 a.m. to 10 p.m.) and protection of sleep at night (10 p.m. to 7 a.m.). The standards are written in statistical terms over a one hour sampling period. This allows some variations in the noise level over time, but limits the total acoustical energy during the one-hour sampling period. City of Tigard's Noise Ordinance At this time, the City does have a noise control ordinance in the Tigard Municipal Code and is cited below. Section 7.40.070 Noise. (a) No person shall operate a motor vehicle in such 'a manner or at such a location as to cause the noise created by the vehicle to ,cause the ambient noise level .specified in subsection (c) of this section, as measured at a point located twenty-five feet from the noise-sensitive structure toward the noise source. (b) Except as may be expressly allowed pursuant to the provisions of Section 7.40.080, no person shall cause or permit noise to emanate from property under his or her control so as to cause the ambient noise level Page 16 at the nearest noise-sensitive property to exceed the levels set forth in subsection (c) of this section, as measured at a point located twenty-five feet from the noise-sensitive structure toward the noise source. (c) Allowable noise limits are as follows: Time Maximum noise level, dBa 7 a.m.--10 p.m. 60 10 p.m.-- 7 a.m. 55 (d) The restrictions imposed by subsections (a), (b) and (c) of this section shall not apply to the following: (1) Emergency equipment not operating on a regular or scheduled basis; (2) Noise emanating from the Pacific Highway, Highway I-217 and Highway I-5; (3) Sounds originating on construction sites and reasonably necessary to the accomplishment of work in progress; provided, however, that no construction work may be carried on between the hours of nine p.m. and seven a.m. , except for bona fide emergencies where the pulic health or safety is threatened or when a special permit, granted by the City Council, has been first obtained. Any such special permit may be granted by City Council only after first having held a hearing and having otherwise followed the procedures contained in Chapter 18.84 of the Zoning Ordinance; (4) Emergency repair equipment not operated on a regular or scheduled basis; (5) Lawn, garden or household equipment associated with the normal repair, upkeep or maintenance of property. (e) No persons shall operate within the City limits of the City of Tigard a motor vehicle exhaust-braking system, commonly known as a "jake brake." For the purposes of this subsection, the exceptions set forth in subsection (d) of this section shall not apply, and this section shall be read as an absolute prohibition of the operation of such motor vehicle braking systems within the city of Tigard. (f) For the purposes of this section, the term "ambient noise" means the all-encompassing noise associated with a given environment, being usually acomposite of sounds from many sources, near and far. The term "noise-sensitive property" means real property on which people normally sleep, and also includes schools, churches and public libraries. (g) No person shall cause or permit noise to emanate from sound amplifying equipment under his or her control so as to cause the ambient noise level to exceed sixty dBa at any distance one hundred feet or more from the source between the hours of seven a.m. and ten p.m. and fifty-five dBa one hundred feet from the source between the hours of ten p ,m. and seven a.m.. } Page 17 WATER Tigard is within the Tualatin River and the Fanno Creek drainage basins. The major tributaries of the watercourses are Summer Creek, Ash geek and Red Rock Creek. All of these watercourses have varied flow levels based on the seasonal imputs of moisture. The annual imput of moisture is strongly concentrated in the winter months and summers are normally dry. The Tualatin River has the greatest seasonal flow variations than any other river in the Willamette Val'_ sy. About 90% of the annual flow occurs between the months of November and April. Most of the watercourses in Tigard are used by water fowl and wildlife. The Tualatin River is used for recr�--tional purposes as well. Water Quality* As surely as water runs downhill, a certain amount of topsoil is washed into nearby streams every time it rains -- and in western Oregon it rains often. Annual rainfall averages as high as 130 inches a year on the upper west slopes of the Coast Range. From fields and forests and cities, whatever is on the ground washes continuously down even the gentlest slopes as the waters seek their level. Runoff from these "nonpoint sources," has impact on our water. Urbanization brings new problems. Oil, rubber and lead from automobiles, mud from construction sites and soot from heavy manufacturing areas, all settle on highways and crosswalks and are washed from pavements into rivers and streams. The water quality of the lower Tualatin River is rather poor by comparison with most rivers in Oregon, but apparently this has always been the case. The lowland Tualatin River and its lowland tributaries were never clear, cold mountain streams. The combination of clay—silt beds, low summer flows, slow meandering course, and warm summer temperatures naturally create a lower water t quality. One meaning of the Indian word Tualatin was "lazy and sluggish". The Indians also referred to the Tualatin as the "green river" from its ;f abundant summer algea growth. The population boom in eastern Washington County after World Wal II brought many small inadequate sewerage treatment plants on the lower tributaries of the Tualatin River, namely Fanno Creek, Rock Creek and Beaverton Creek. By the early 1970's the treated wastes from these plants contributed most of the water in the streams. Fanno Creek, which had good trout fishing as late as the 1940's and had once supplied crayfish to Portland's finest restaurants became virtually an open sewer (90% treated effluent). Several changes during the 1970's have improved water quality especially along the urbanizing creeks (Fanno Creek in Tigard's case), but continued population growth with its attendent increased sewage waste and urbanization is gradually erasing these gains. *Sources: Washington County Planning Department, Comprehensive Resource Document, DEQ CFP Water ality in Oregon,1980,. t Page 18 During the 1970's, nineteen small sewer treatement plants, located along Fanno Creek, were removed from service and their flows diverted to the new U.S.A. plant at Durham (north of Fanno Creek). It was designed to remove significantly more of the pollution components. It removes phosphorus, for example, and the previous plants had not. Six parameters are the major measures of pollution: dissolved oxygen, fecal coliform bacteria, pH, total solids, biological oxygen demand, and inorganic nitrogen. These are combined in the Oregon Water Quality Index (OWQI) for more generalized summaries of water quality. Fanno Creek - The upper section of Fanno Creek (above Denny Road) while f somewhat polluted from urban runoff that resulted in nutrient enrichment and therefore fairly high Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels, has relatively good quality water. The lower portion was grossly polluted from a number of sewerage treatment plants until 1976, when their flows were diverted to the } new Durham plant. The Oregon Water Quality Index (OWQI) value in 1975 was t 22.5, but this had jumped to 55.4 by 1979. A comparison of indivilual parameter values, before and after diversion, is made in Table VI. In 1977 ; fish were noticed in the lower creek for the first time in many years. Fanno Creek has the most completely urbanized watershed in Washington County, and the result is a water quality that remains the worst in Washington County. TABLE VI OREGON WATER QUALITY INDEX VALUES FANNO CREEK AT DURHAM ROAD 1970-1979 s f Date OWQI Date OWQI E. f 1970 39 1975 22.5 1971 33.8 1976 37.6 1972 34 19;; 42.4 1973 20.7 1978 49.6 1974 39.5 1979 55.4 TABLE VII WATER QUALITY PARAMETER VALUES FANNO CREEK AT HALL BOULEVARD June, 1975 and October, 1979 Date DO BOD COND NH3 NO3 PO4 6-11-75 4.4 19.0 390 12.0 2.74 17.05 10-23-79 8.4 3.3 90 0.13 0.39 0.14 DO = Dissolved Oxygen NH3 = Ammonia BOD Biological Oxygen Demand NO3 = Nitrogen Oxides COND = Conductivity PO4 = Phosphates With an increasing population and urbanized area, the future trend in clear: "Given the present conditions, there is no place for water quality to go but down." The Corps of Engineers has estimated expected increases in water pollution to the year 2000 (Table VIII). Page 19 TABLE VIII PROJECTED PERCENTAGE INCREASE IN POLLUTANTS (from 1975) Fecal Basin Year Susp Setl BOD N P Coleform Fanno Creek 1985 5.6 6.3 4.2 5.0 5.2 8.9 2000 13.6 15.0 11.0 11.4 13.4 20.2 i Despite a concerted effort to collect, treat, and properly dispose of wastewater, water quality can become degraded from seasonal overflows of y sewage mixed with urban storm runoff. Such untreated discharges are caused by inadequate capacity of sewage collection and treatment facilities. s The combined sewers that cause such overflows present complex abatement problems that are economically difficult to define or solve. In Tigard, overflows generally occur at times of high river flows, not during the low flow season. Water quality impacts from urban stormwater runoff are difficult to define and assess because urban runoff is a nonpoint source. The City of Portland and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers are currently trying to assess the effects of urban stormwater runoff with the aid of computer modeling. �. Urban stormwater pollutants may include Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), settleable and suspended solids, organics, nutrients, and heavy metals. The pollutants can come from automobiles, urban litter, construction activity, and from many urban activities. In rural areas, stormwater pollutants may in large part come from agricultural activities such as livestock wastes and fertilizers. Urban stormwater pollutant loadings can be a significant contribution to the pollution content of streams (as much as four times that from municipal wastewater treatment plants). In the urban environment, stormwater runoff flows are increased over those in natural areas because of impervious surfaces that prevent rainfall from soaking inLo the ground or being stored in natural depressions. A large volume of runoff with a high velocity flush pollutants from their sources into storm sewers and receiving streams. Although the impact of the pollutants on stream water quality is not yet known, BOD loadings tend to decrease dissolved oxygen levels, and heavy metals and organics may be toxic to aquatic life on a localized basis. However, during periods of stormwater runoff, receiving streams generally provide high dilution of such pollutants. The following table, taken from the CRAG 200 Study, is a comparison of projected point and nonpoint pollutant loads in the Tualatin River Basin, year 2000. Page 20 TABLE IX COMPARISON OF POINT AND NONPOINT POLLUTANT LOADS, TUALATIN RIVER BASIN, YEAR 2000 Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants Nonpoint Urban Runoff Plant BOD & SS (1B/yr) Basin BOD (lb/yr) SS (1B/yr) 5 5 Durham 840,000 Fanno Creek 202,300 25,542,600 DEQ is beginning to explore the other "nonpoint source" impacts on water quality. These include forest management activities, agricultural activities and stream corridor managment activities. LAND RESOURCES Land resources quality is a broad term encompassing the suitability of the land for particular uses. The land within Tigard has been shown to be suitable for a variety of uses, depending upon the characteristics of particular sites. Land resources quality may also be more narrowly defined as the quality of the land in regard to waste and process discharges (These refer to solid waste, thermal, noise, atmosphere or water pollutants, contaminants, or products therefrom). Pollution from sludge and solid waste has accompanied urbanization and industrialization and is a feature of nearly all densely populated urban areas. Solid waste collection and disposal is a vital element in establishing and maintaining livable environments. Historically, the organized removal of solid ws;;te has dramatically effected the health of all urban residents. Land quality in Tigard is not threatened by waste and process discharges. In addition, there are no solid waste dump sites inside the City limits. There is one private landfill, Grabhorn, located west of Beef Bend Road. This landfill accepts only waste resulting from construction demolition (bricks, concrete, dirt, ,etc.). According to the Metropolitan Service District (MSD), this landfill will probably close in the next couple of years. Solid Waste Disposal The Metropoltan Service District (MSD) has been designated with the primary responsibility of finding a solution to the disposal of solid wastes, which is a regional problem. MSD maintains a regional solid waste management plan which is used to guide activities such as the search for new regional landfills and planning of solid waste transfer stations, resource recovery plants, and recycling programs. (( Collection of solid wastes in the City is handled by private firms operating ,' under mutually exclusive franchises granted by the City Council. Page 21 City policies and strategies regarding the solid waste management must include recognition of MSD's primary role in planning and coordinating solid waste disposal for the region and provisions which will help achieve the regional objectives of reducing the amount of wastes that need to be disposed of in sanitary landfills. Three private firms hold exclusive franchises with the City and County to collect solid waste in the Tigard area. They generally provide routine garbage collection, drop box special loads, compact waste and recycle newspapers. Service areas have been convoluted and indistinct in some areas in the past. However, the City has redrafted its franchise ordinance to create clear service boundaries. These boundaries provide for the following division of the Tigard Plan Area. Miller's Sanitary Service - Northern Tigard (north half of NPO V, NPO #2 north of N. Dakota and west of Greenburg and NPO #4 east of Hall and north of Pfaffle and Pacific). Schmidt's Sanitary Service - Southern Tigard (southern 3/4 of NPO #6 south of Murdock and Sattler and southwest corner of NPO #5 generally south of Bonita and west of 76th). Frank's Disposal Service - Central Tigard (including south Tigard industrial area and remaining areas not served by either Schmidt's or \ Miller's). The three local garbage collectors currently haul collected wastes 15 to 20 miles away, or 30 to 40 miles for a roundtrip by truck. Miller's and Schmidt's now transport refuse to Rossman's Landfill in Oregon City, while Frank's waste material is hauled to the City of Newberg Landfill. St. Johns Landfill in north Portland is also being used, which can meet the need for a few years. However, the metropolitan area lacks a long-term landfill disposal capacity. The Rossman's Landfill is scheduled for closure this summer, for instance. In 1977, MSD adopted a plan for a processing facility where wastes would be separated and the combustible portion burned to generate electricity and also reduce the volume of waste to about one-tenth of its original volume. Toward this goal, a site for a Resource Recover Facility was selected in Oregon City. Because of public opposition to this facility, MSD is now in the process of reviewing feasible alternatives to this facility. With the St. Johns Landfill closing in a few years, MSD has been seeking permits for a new landfill in northwest Multnomah County. With resource recovery operating, the new landfill would last for 25 years. Without the garbage burner, the landfill would be good for about 16 years. Tying the system together will be transfer stations. Metro plan to construct ( transfer stations at various locations in the region to increase the R " efficiency and economy of the solid waste management system. Transfer stations are enclosed facilities where commercial collectors and private citizens can dispose of their garbage, which is then transferred in large Page 22 trucks to either a landfill or resource recovery facility. Transfer stations save energy by reducing trips for garbage collectors. They also provide a convenient place to recycle, each transfer station will have a full-line recycling center as part of the facility. Therefore, they allow for improved landfill management by providing an interim point for directing garbage to the proper disposal site. Initially proposals called for MSD to construct one transfer station on the east side of the region, one on the west side (probably in Washington County), and a limited transfer station on the resource recovery site in Oregon City. This limited station will accept garbage from haulers as well as the general public. When the resource recovery plant opens, the haulers will go directly to that facility and the transfer station will serve only the public. MSD is now in the process of reviewing feasible alternatives to the solid waste disposal issue. 4.1 AIR QUALITY FINDINGS o Within the Tigard Planning Area there are no major point source air polluters. o The major source of air pollution in Tigard is automobile emissions. o The City of Tigard lies within the Portland-Vancouver Interstate Air Quality Maintenance Area (AQMA). This area is described in the draft State Implementation Plan (SIP) for air quality, published jointly by the Department of Environmental Quality and the Metropolitan Service District in April, 1979. The draft State Implementation Plan (SIP) shows that the entire AQMA is in nonattainment for meeting the recently revised federal ambient air quality standards for ozone and is predicted to remain in nonattainment to at least 1987 unless additional control measures are undertaken. MSD and DEQ are developing a regional control strategy to bring the metropolitan area into attainment by 1987. o In the Portland - Vancouver AQMA, air pollution is monitored by and planning efforts coordinated through the Metropolitan Service District (MSD)and the Department of Environment Quality (DEQ). o The draft SIP also projects nonattainment in 1982 for CO (near Highway 99W). The City of Tigard is aware of these potential problem areas and will work with MSD to better quantify the extent of these problems. POLICY 4.1.1 THE CITY SHALL: a. MAINTAIN AND IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF TIGARD'S AIR QUALITY AND COORDINATE WITH OTHER JURISDICTIONS AND AGENCIES TO REDUCE AIR POLLUTIONS WITHIN THE PORTLAND-VANCOUVER AIR QUALITY MAINTENANCE AREA. (AQMA) -°.22- Page 23 b. WHERE APPLICABLE, REQUIRE A STATEMENT FROM THE APPROPRIATE AGENCY, THAT ALL APPLICABLE STANDARDS CAN BE MET, PRIOR TO THE APPROVAL OF A LAND USE PROPOSAL. c. APPLY THE MEASURES DESCRIBED IN THE DEQ HANDBOOK FOR "ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ELEMENTS OF OREGON LOCAL COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLANS" TO LAND USE DECISIONS HAVING THE POTENTIAL TO AFFECT AIR QUALITY. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES 1. The City shall coordinate with MSD and DEQ to attain and maintain the air quality goal described in the State Implementation Plan (SIP). 2. The City shall continue to utilize expertise available at the Department of Environmental Quality, the Metropolitan Service District, and other relevant agencies, to coordinate efforts aimed at reducing air pollution emission levels in the Tigard and entire Portland Metropolitan Area. 3. Until such time as control strategies are realized, the City of Tigard shall use measures described in the DEQ Handbook for "Environmental Quality Elements of Oregon Local Comprehensive Land Use Plans" when planning any development activities having the potential to directly (by direct emissions) or indirectly (by increasing vehicular travel) affect air quality. 4. The City shall make every effort to design municipal streets and roadways and to establish traffic flow patterns which minimize or reduce vehicular emissions. 5. The City shall consult and coordinate with the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality to ensure that land uses and activities in Tigard comply with Federal and State air quality standards. i i 6. The City shall aim to reduce the quantity of vehicle emissions by pursuing an energy-efficient urban form which reduces the number of vehicle miles traveled, and by encouraging the use of alternate modes of transportation, especially mass transit and pedestrian. 4.2 WATER QUALITY r FINDINGS o The quality of Tigard's surface waters are fair, inasmuch as the waters are not used for drinking purposes. o No major point source water polluters threaten local creeks. o Some infiltration problems exist in the sewage systems. -23- i ' t t Page 24 o Reduction of open space, removal of vegetation cover, and development which increases the amount of impervious surface contribute significantly to increases in the peak flows of urban storm runoff entering storm sewers, creeks and drainageways. o Offsetting measures can reduce the negative effects of urban development on water quality and quantity problems. Examples include on site retention/ detention of storm water, inclusion of landscape buffer areas adjacent to new development and conservation and improvement of streamside vegetation along creeks and other water courses. POLICIES 4.2.1 ALL DEVELOPMENT WITHIN THE TIGARD URBAN PLANNING AREA SHALL COMPLY WITH APPLICABLE FEDERAL, STATE AND REGIONAL WATER QUALITY STANDARDS. 4.2.2 THE CITY SHALL RECOGNIZE AND ASSUME ITS RESPONSIBILITY FOR OPERATING, PLANNING, AND REGULATING WASTEWATER SYSTEMS AS DESIGNATED IN MSD'S WASTE TREATMENT MANAGEMENT COMPONENT AND 208 CRAG STUDY. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES 1. In order to improve the water quality and and quantity in the Tigard Area, the City shall consider developing regulations in the Tigard Community Development Code or instituting programs to: a. Increase public awareness of techniques and practices private individuals can employ to help correct water quality problems; b. Improve the management of industrial and commercial operations to reduce negative water quality impacts; C. Regulate site planning for new development and construction through the Tigard Community Development Code to better control drainages and erosion and to manage storm runoff; d. Increase storage and retention of storm runoff to lower and delay peak storm flows; e. Reduce street related water quality and quantity problems; and f. Increase public awareness concerning the use and disposal of toxic substances. 2. The City shall not permit industrial or other uses which violate State of Oregon water quality discharge standards. 3. The City shall cooperate with the Metropolitan Service District and other appropriate agencies to establish practices which minimize the introduction of pollutants into ground and surface waters. i —24 Page 25 4. The City shall require that new developments be connected to the City's or the Unified Sewerage Agency sanitary sewerage systems. 4.3 NOISE POLLUTION FINDINGS o Noise is a recognized cause of physical and psychological stress which has been directly related to various health problems. o Motor vehicle traffic noise is the major contributor to the ambient noise level in Tigard. o Noise levels for almost all residential districts in Tigard appear to be within acceptable levels. o The highest noise levels appear to be found along Pacific Highway (99W), Main Street, I-5, Hwy 217 and Hall Boulevard. o Effective control of the undesirable effects of highway generated noise levels requires a three part approach: 1) source emission reduction; 2) improved highway design and street design; and 3) land use controls. The first two components are currently being addressed by private industry and by federal, state and regional agencies. The third area is essentially a local government responsibility. POLICY 4.3.1 THE CITY SHALL: a. REQUIRE DEVELOPMENT PROPOSALS LOCATED IN A NOISE CONGESTED AREA OR A USE WHICH CREATES NOISE IN EXCESS OF THE APPLICABLE STANDARDS TO INCORPORATE THE FOLLOWING INTO THE SITE PLAN: 1. BUILDING PLACEMENT ON THE SITE IN AN AREA WHERE THE NOISE LEVELS WILL HAVE A MINIMAL IMPACT; OR 2. LANDSCAPING AND OTHER TECHNIQUES TO LESSEN NOISE IMPACTS TO LEVELS COMPATIBLE WITH THE SURROUNDING LAND USES. b. COORDINATE WITH DEQ IN ITS NOISE REGULATION PROGRAM AND APPLY THE DEQ LAND USE COMPATIBILITY PROGRAM. c. WHERE APPLICABLE REQUIRE A STATEMENT FROM THE APPROPRIATE AGENCY (PRIOR TO THE APPROVAL OF A LAND USE PROPOSAL) THAT ALL APPLICABLE STANDARDS CAN BE MET. -25- Page 26 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES 1. The Tigard Community Development Code shall ensure that future "noise sensitive" developments are designed and located so as to minimize the intrusion of noise from motor vehicle traffic and/or neighboring noisy uses. 2. The Tigard Community Development Code shall ensure that new commercial, industrial and public developments are landscaped and designed such that Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) noise standards are met and neighboring "noise sensitive properties are not negatively impacted by the new land use or associated activities. This shall be accomplished through building setbacks, buffering standards and use compatibility. 3. The City shall seek a response and/or assistance from the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) when reviewing commercial or industrial uses in or near residential areas to prevent degradation of previously quiet environments. I 4.4 LAND RESOURCES s i FINDINGS o Solid waste disposal is a regional concern requiring regional solutions. o Land quality in Tigard is not currently threatened by a large - scale waste disposal site. i o Normal human activity and economi;; processes in Tigard contribute to the quantity of regional waste disposal. I I o The Metropolitan Service District (MSD) has the authority to provide solid and liquid waste disposal in the metropolitan area. o Although MSD has the authority over solid waste site location, local governments will be involved in the selection process. POLICY 4.4.1 THE CITY SHALL MAINTAIN AND IMPROVE, IF POSSIBLE, THE CURRENT QUALITY OF TIGARD'S LAND RESOURCES. 4.4.2 THE CITY SHALL RECOGNIZE MSD'S RESPONSIBILITY AND AUTHORITY TO PREPARE AND IMPLEMENT A SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES 1. The City shall actively participate with the Metropolitan Service District (MSD) and the Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ), in the solid waste site selection process. -26- Page 27 2. The City shall discourage solid waste sites which would adversely affect neighboring land uses or which are unsuitable because of natural conditions at the site, including but not limited to: a) Depth to water table b) Soil conditions c) Impacts upon drainage d) Water quality degradation or similar problems 3. The City shall ensure that future land use activities with significant waste and process discharges conform to all State and Federal environmental quality standards. 4. The City shall seek a response or assistance from the Department of Environmental Quality or any other interested State or Federal agency when reviewing proposed land uses with potential for significant waste and process discharges. 5. The City shall continue to use local recycling services and shall encourage and cooperate with all recycling agencies which conform to all state and federal environmental quality standards. 6. The City shall recognize MSD's role in preparing and implementing a solid waste management plan. The City shall support MSD's "Procedures for Siting Sanitary Landfill," and will participate in these procedures as appropriate. i -27- t Page 28 SOURCES Handbook for Environmental Quality Elements of Land Uses Plans, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, July, 1978. Air Quality Annual Report - 1982, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, June, 1982. State Air Quality Implementation Plan (SIP), Metropolitan Service District, April, 1979. "Comprehensive Plan Noise Element Guidelines," Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. Water Quality in Oregon - 1980, Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, October 1981. "Comprehensive Resource Document," Washington County Planning Department, 1981. i E ' { �e a