Ordinance No. 77-70 r--
CITY OF TIGARD, OREGON
ORDINANCE NO.
AN ORDINANCE ADOPTING THE ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN AND OPEN SPACE
PLAN FOR TIGARD TO THEREBY ATTAIN THE PURPOSES AND OBJECTIVES OF
CHAPTER 197 AND 227 O.R.S. INSOFAR AS APPLICABLE, WITH RESPECT TO
THE TIGARD DETAILED PLANNING AREA THUS SUPERCEDING THAT PORTION OF
THE TIGARD COMMUNITY PLAN AS ADOPTED BY ORDINANCE NO. 73-6 AND
NEIGHBORHOOD PLANNING ORGANIZATION PLANS ONE, TWO, AND THREE, AS
ADOPTED BY ORDINANCE NUMBERS 74-25, 75-8, AND 75-55 RESPECTIVELY AS
AMENDED. HERETOFORE APPLICABLE TO THE SAME AREAS, AND FIXING AN
EFFECTIVE DATE.
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THE CITY OF TIGARD ORDAINS AS FOLLOWS:
SECT 1: The City Council finds that the Ti and Planning
Sion, with the assistance and g a Commis-
Sion,
Recreation Board, the Planning staff, and the responsetof ciark and
tizens
given in public hearing,
documents comprising four hPlan omaps and fore mattext ted tentitled o the typrelimin
Draft of the Environmental Design and Open Space Plan for"Preliminary
y
dated April 8, 1977 Tigard",
SECTION 2:
That the City Council further finds that said documentary
presentation has as its base and background a thorough '
study of the needs of the area for the protection of environmental
quality, betterment, and beautification of community design, and
vision of adequate
and includes a study parks, open
inspace�generaland ctertsonal such
media a's
may be advisable for
promotion of the er of such media as
mor-
als safety, Public interest, health, mor-
said document is attuned ntoncomply with ience, and wthe arequirementsre of the of a and
com-
prehensive plan as contemplated by Chari+ of a tne extent applicable. N���� lye and 227, 0,$ $ to
SEC- T--- ION 3: The Council further finds that after due and legal no-
tice, g
Fowler Junior High School, On1May 9ngs er1977land nJune lecture room at
�:OO P.M. by the City Council at w e 13, 1977, at
8:00 P.M. display of the plan was which time an oral presentation and
were afforded an o given, and all interested
opportunity to be heard with respect theretoand
we comment thereon.
hereby determines that the document dSECTION 4: In furtherance of thee.
above findings, the City Council
enoted "Environ-
mental Design and Open Space Plan for Tigard"
ap-
propriate and desirable g ... . constitutes an
thereb including,
for orderly development of the lands
y affected, including, as it does, policies for
de-
velopment so as to guiding. '
protect and promote environmental quality, pre-
serve open space, and provide for adequate parks and recreation
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facilities and accompanying maps, marked Exhibit "A", all of which
is hereby adopted and promulgated as an element of the comprehen-
sive plan for the area involved.
SECTION 5: This ordinance shall be effective on and after the 31st
day after its passage by the Council and approval of
the Mayor.
PASSED: Bylji)js,Iffryus vote of all Council members present, after
being read three times by number and title only, this
day of 1977. ;
Recorder - City of gard
APPROVED: By the Mayor this day of ,�s 1977.
Mayor - City of Tigard
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Page 2
Ordinance No. 77-_ZQ _
DIEM _'?ANDUh
TCI: Cit;; Council
FROM: Planning Department
SUBJECT: Complete Revised Plan Text for the Environmental
Design and Open Space Plan
DALE: July 27, 1377
Attached is the complete revised text for the Environmental
Design and Open Space Plan requested oy the Council at the
Study Session held July lo, 13'17. The ular�, in it-5, prey -
state, is the result of voluminous public testimony and
estensive study session discussions. Through the process of
evaluation, revision and re-evaluation,several substantive
changes have been made to the original draft. The resulting
document is a highly workable and reasonable tool which through
its implementation can ensure that future development is
environmentally sound, with designs -that compliment the natural
beauty of Tigard. it also provides a means for the adequate
provision of pares and recreational facilities phased with the
development of the area and in tune with the needs and desires
of the Cityrs residents.
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CATY T V r 1 1%.7 L.�
P.O. Box 23397
12420 S.W. Main, Tigard, Oregon 97223
4
A
Final Draft Report
Environmental Lesion and open Space Plan
For Tigard
Planning Department
City of Tigard
July 27, 1977
..p,-
" Woe unto them that join house to house
that lay field to field, till there be
no place, that they may be placed alone
in the midst of the earth!
t Isaiah 5-8
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INTRODUCTION
The roots of this document are planted in issues much broader than
the title might suggest. In essence, it is a plan intended to preserve
the natural characteristics and amenities of the Tigard Community, while
simultaneously providing a sense of integrated community design. As a
bonus for this method of planning, a useable network of open spaces for
recreation and relaxation is identified and permanently set aside.
Growth in any community means a reduction of open space. Across the
nation, houses are covering agricultural land, flood plains and wetlands
are being filled and built on, and a multitude of unique natural features
are being exploited and lost forever. At the same time, growing popula-
tions place an increasing premium on the preservation of these same re-
sources. The loss of forest lands, scenic views, wildlife habitats, and
increasing pollution addes emphasis to the need for preservation and con-
servation of our valuable resources.
These conflicts between growth and they environment are the result
of the several components of urban development competing for the use of
our land resources to suit their specific needs and desires. The basic
conflict is between the individual land use rights and the broader inte-
rest of the entire community. This is a major philosophical question
for which there is rising pressure to resolve. Tigard and other local
governments throughout the land are confronted with this issue on a
daily basis. The solution undoubtedly lies in the recognition of the
necessity for maintaining an equitable balance between the government's :
desire to protect the public interest and the individuals, business and
corporation 's wish to use his land as he 'pleases.
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This Plan recognizes the value of the natural environment and
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attempts to establish the degree of respect due the land. This is
accomplished through a process of using nature as the major
J guide to
land development . In the following plan, nature's processes are used
to determine policy direction to insure that continued development will
be in harmony with the natural features of the community and in the best
interest of all concerned.
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The Plan policies are presented in three major sections. The first
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section, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION, deals with natural
processes (storm water runoff, erosion, etc. ) and subsequent physical
limitations (flood plain, steep slopes, soil types, etc. ) . It also
sets the framework for the sections two and three. Using environmental
criteria, section one establishes construction and location controls for
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all types of development. Speicifc areas such as flood plains, steep
Slopes and natural habitats are categorized as non-developable and set
aside as permanent open space.
Section two, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNITY DESIGN, augments these controls
by offering community design criteria for the purpose of integrating
development with the physical features of the area. These criteria are
centered primarily on the appearance of a structure and its relationship
to topography, natural vegetation and surrounding land uses.
The third section, PARKS AND RECREATION, completes the package by
formulating policies and standards to guide the development of a system
of parks and open spaces aimed at maximizing recreational opportunity
and aesthetic benefit to community residents. The open space system
r proposed by this Plan was
generated by using the landsdesignated (from
section one) as environmentally unsound for constructionas its founda
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tion. The majority of these unbuildable lands are along Fanno Creek
and its tributaries and are referred to in the Comprehensive Plan as
the Greenway System. In addition, the Greenway is augmented by specif-
ic sites selected for their environmental uniqueness (e.g. , attractive-
ness, historic value and/or recreational potential) . The individual
components of the open space system are to be linked together, for
opzinium accessibility, use and enjovment, by means of a network of
pedestrian/bike paths.
Thus, the total package yields an integrated community design. The
design ensures the continuance of natural cycles and enhances the visual
attractivesress of the community. Simultaneously, the community bene-
fits in several ways:
Psychologically, through retention of essential natural features
which daily remind the individual of the delicate thread connecting each
person's life to the natural order of things;
Sociologically, from expanded recreational opportunity allowing
diverse community participation in outdoor activites, and through a
community design that promotes community identity;
Personally, from increased health and safety derived from reduced
air pollution (e.g. , natural air purification of trees) and minimized
potential for damage to property or loss of human life, caused by
natural hazards such as flooding and land slides;
And Economically, through efficiencies in supplying public services
(police, fire, water) to a unified area, and from an enhanced city image
promoting increased property values and attracting new employment in
the form of commerce and industry.
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THE TIGARD COMMUNITY
PLANNING AREA
The City of Tigard, once a farming community, is now essentially a
residential suburb of Portland, It is situated in the southeast portion
of Washington County abutting portions of western Clackamas and Multno-
mah Counties. However, in order to accommodate expected growth and to
give consideration to areas directly influenced by the city, the plan
area boundaries were drawn outside the actual city limits (see map p. ) .
The plan area is served by three major transportation routes, Pacific
Highway, Highway 217 and Interstate 5. Two rail lines also serve the
area.
PHYSICAL SETTING
Tigard is located at the lower end of the Fanno Creek Drainage Basin
which empties into the Tualatin River at the city's southern boundary.
This location makes flooding a particular community concern which this
plan addresses.
However, while Fanno Creek poses the threat of periodic flooding, it
also offers the natural asset of a relativpl;7 updevelnned a.rnd heavily
vegetated meandering course through the center of the community. This
feature becomes even more attractive when the tributary streams are
added, as they flow between gently rolling hills often covered with
significant stands of timber. The major topographic relief in the plan
area is in the western portion in the form of Bull and Little Bull
Mountains. Elevations within the plan area range from 500 feet near the
top of Bull Mountain to 110 feet at the Tualatin River.
DEVELOPMENT PATTERN
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Since, the early 1950's the community has undergone, at an increasing-
ly rapid rate, a transformation from rural to suburban land use. Develop-
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ment was uncontrolled and unplanned until the adoption of the 1971 Tigard
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Community Plan. The Community Plan was the city 's first attempt to
counteract the unsightly strip commercial and disjointed residential
sprawl of the 19601s. Fortunately, since the Community Plan, more at-
tention has been given to aesthetic design. Nevertheless, Tigard is
left with an undesirable scar of strip commercial development along
Pacific Highway. Early development also exploited the natural ameni-
ties of the community, inefficiently consuming land with little regard
for natural processes or recreational space. The land use map (P. )
shows the majority of the commercial activity being centered on Pacific
Highway with increasing development along Highway 217 and Hall Boule-
vard. The more intensive industrial uses occur west of Interstate 5,
along 72nd Avenue and follow the Burlington Northern and Southern Pa-
cific railroad tracts.
RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT
While scattered throughout the plan areas, is primarily west of
Hall Boulevard and southwest of Highway 217. Multi-family units are
generally located along major arterials, concentrated on Hall Boulevard,
Pacific Highway, and Greenburg.
There are eight schools located within the plan area. Among these
there is (1) high school, (2) junior high schools and (5) elementary
schools. The sch6ol district also owns additional land for future
school sites.
The City of Tigard presently owns five park sites (62.59) acres) ,
some of which are not developed. With a present population of 11,058
there is approximately ten acres of park land per 1,000 people in the
city (including usable school property) . The City also has 42.17
acres of land dedicated by various developments for public
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use. Much of this land lies in the flood plain, and is suitable for
paths and non-intensive recreational use. In addition, there are 62.15
acres which are in a semi-public status.
In spite of some negative circumstances, resulting from past de-
velopment, Tigard has numerous advantages which, if property addressed,
allow for a smooth recovery from its unplanned history. First on the
list of positive attributes is the topography. The rolling terrain ef-
fectively hides the majority of Tigard's development. From I-5 rela-
tively little development is visible, only limited industry. For the
most part, Highway 217 is below grade, allowing only the very low areas
along the highway to be seen. Most of these areas are presently unde-
veloped. Pacific Highway is the primary problem from a community design
standpoint. Even here, however, only the development directly adjacent
the highway is in the usual line of vision from the street. Supplemen-
tary to the topography is the abundance of natural vegetation located
throughout the community. This vegetation quite often screens develop-
ment in lower areas that would otherwise be visible from higher eleva-
nn.q_
Besides the screening of present development, there still remains
several large undeveloped tracts of land, many of which are along Pa-
cific Highway. Properly planned, development of these areas can greatly
reduce the visual impact of continued growth. In addition, there are
strips of 'land in public rights-of-way that can be landscaped to improve
community appearance. A strong planning commitment and community co-
operation can be invaluable toward mitigating the mistake of the past
while safeguarding the future.
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SECTION ONE:
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION
Goal : To protect and promote public health and safety, to regulate
development in inherently hazardous areas and to preserve
environmental quality .
Even though Tigard has numerous ordinances and policies controlling
development, the policies in this plan were developed as if no controls
were presently in existnece. This method was used to ensure a holistic
approach to policy formulation, rather than a patchwork or bandage
process.
People and subsequently governments, face environmental problems as
a result of activities that are either improperly located or otherwise
contrary to natural processes. Nature offers a well balanced system
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of events; natural cycles. When these cycles are disrupted by human
intervention, nature may react in an unforgiving manner.
In terms of developing the land for human uses, there are certain
iihe type and level of activity that
physical characteristics thai, m1U t �
can safely occur. These characteristics are referred to as natural
hazardsor physical h sical limitations. There are three major development
limitations which exist in the plan area. They are:
1. Flood plains and Wetlands
2. Runoff and erosion
3. Soil instability.
These are discussed in greater detail in the appendix.
Even though these limitations to building are characteristically
separate, they are linked through the interrelated natural processes
that create them. These interconnections are directly related to the
roles of:
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1 , geologic deposits and processes
2, water and the hydrologic cycle
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3, soil properties `
4, slope
5. vegetation
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In order to minimize potential development hazards due to physical
limitations and hazards, these interrelationships require a program of
coordinated control, ensuring the balanced continuation of nature's
processes.
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PHYSICAL LIMITATIONS
The physical features which form the make-up of any piece of land
have a direct relationship to the type and density of development which
can be accommodated on that property (carrying capacity) . Combinations
such as steep slopes and unstable soils create severe development con-
straints (appendix ) . Excessive development in such physically
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limited areas greatly increases the potential severity of landslide,
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earthquake damage, flooding, etc.
Policy 1. Designate areas of physical limitation (poorly drained, seasonally
flooded, ground instability) and incorporate these designations in
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the city zoning ordinance and map, and develop graduated development
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restrictions according to the distinct characteristics of the con-
straints and anticipated limitations.
FLOOD PLAINS,. WETLANDS AND RUNOFF/EROSION
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Often in the past, development has occured along streams and drain-
ageways that are subject to periodic flooding. This reduces the natural
capacity of the land to control runiff and erosion and consequently in-
creases the potential for flooding during times of peak rainfall .
Objectives: Using the detailed information gathered on flood plains,
wetlands and areas of serious drainage problems, develop policies to :
1 . Control development, and encourage non-intensive uses,
in these areas.
2. Minimize the runoff-erosion impact of development on the
surrounding area and downstream properties.
3. Emphasize the retention of a vegetation buffer along streams
and drainageways, to reduce runoff and flood damage and
provide erosion control.
In the process of evaluating the plan area for flood plains and wet
lands, several informational problems were identified:
1 . Discrepancies were found between calculated flood elevations
and their demarcation on the official maps.
2. Vague delimitation of flood plains along Summer and Red
Rock Creeks.
3. Lack and distinction between the floodway (area of fastest
stream flow) and the flood plain fringe.
4. Lack of reliable hydrologic data regarding flood levels
expected from future development.
In addition to these problems there is the issue of the cumulative
effect of development upstream of Tigard. Flood levels in Tigard will
be substantially determined by the controls exercised over development
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outside the plan area (see appendix ) .
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Policy 2. The city shall initiate a cooperative, interjurisdictional water shed,
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storm drainage and flood plain management study of the Funno Creek
basin, and establish restrictive interim standards for development
until sufficient data is available to set standards at identified
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levels of adequacy. Interim standards shaZZ limit the rate of runoff i
and erosion caused by a development both during and at completion of
construction, as well as development in all flood plain and wetland
areas identified in the physical inventory.
The Fanno Creek drainage system includes numerous small water courses.
The integrity of these natural drainageways is intrinsically connected to
the system's capacity to reduce excessive runoff and subsequent flood
levels. Often, however, developers alter these water courses to suit
their development purposes, usually to provide more usable land. The
resultant adverse impacts are detrimental to the entire drainage system
Policy 3. The City shalZ restrict alteration of natural drainageways unless it
can be demonstrated that the benefits are greater than the detrimental
effects. otherjurisdictions in the Fanno Creek Basin shall be en-
couraged to do the same.
Besides the basic need to control development in flood prone areas,
it was found that public knowledge of flood plain hazards was lacking.
Many of the obstructions previously placed in the flood plain were the
result of either ignorance or overly optimistic attitudes about potential
flooding problems. These obstructions (eg. Main Street Bridge) hinder
the flour of high water and tend to increase flood levels.
10.
Policy 4 . The city shall develop methods of removing and/or flood proofing major
obstructions within the flood plain. The city should also consider
methods of educating the public regarding the flood plain.
Vegetation, without a doubt, (appendix ) serves an essential func-
tion in the process of runoff and erosion control . Nonetheless, it is
too often removed and replaced by buildings and asphalt.
Policy b. The City shall adopt an ordinance to regulate the removal and/or
replacement of existing natural vegetation in designated areas
(flood plains, drainageways, areas of high visibility, unique
habitats, or rare species). Significant trees or stands of timber
shall also be protected.
Proper administration of the above policies relies heavily upon
the availability of adequate information upon which to assess the
environmental impacts of a project . The development , which creates the need,
should be responsible for providing the city with the necessary data
for making sound decisions. The burden,after all, is on the applicant to
prove that the project will not adversely affect the environment or
create undue future liabilities for the City.
Policy 6. Require a site development report (eg., hydrology, soils, geology)
for major projects in designated areas; and a statement reflecting
methods to be used, to minimize the runoff erosion impact of the
development on the sourrounding area and downstream properties.
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SECTION Two•
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ENV 11ZO!,!11 'NTA1 C01MIMUNITY DE TGN
Gcal: To preserve areas and features of significant natural or scenic
beauty. To enhance the opportunities fog continued enjoyment of
the natural environment of the community.
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Goal: To preserve andi'or conserve renewable and nonrenewable resources. ;
To protect and promote the ecology of the community and to dis-
courage premature and unnecessary conversion of open space to urban
uses.
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This section serves as a manual for environmental community design.
{. It proceeds beyond the neighborhood planning process by establishing en-
vironmental policies and tecIniaues for accommodating the various types f
of land use proposed in each Ne ghborhood Plan. '"he guiding premises of
this section are that site and Building Designs should allow for proper
functioning of each element involved in a Development project. Each
development should also be complementary to the community' s natural .
attractiveness.
A review of the community's development history reveals the all
too common occurance of natural amenities being unnecessarily replaced
by asphalt and buildings. The result hes often been to increase flood
potential while detracting from the pleasant atmosphere a primarily
residential community should maintain. A community's design should be
directly related to and easily identified with the function the com-
munity serves. While Tigcrd is fortunate to have a viable employment
base in the form of industrial and commercial businesses, it is funda-
mentally a residential community.
12.
A residential environment calls for a pleasant, relaxing atmosphere.
The community design then, should include those aesthetic and natural
features considered complimentary to a desirable living environment.
One of the key features is the maintenance of a sense of openness.
Open space not only provider visual relief but also recreational op-
portunity.
Therefore, one of the objectives of this section is to ensure that
a full complement of open space, in both large and small reserves, is pro-
vided as future development occurs. Once again, nature provides the
essential ingredients, as well as a development guide.
Fanno Creek and its tributary system provide an excellent opportunity
for linear open space, linking the entire community together.
Pclicy 7. Retain the 100 year flood plain of Fanno Creek, its tributaries
and the Tualatin River as an open prese=rve (Greenway). The
Greenway shall be established as the backbone of the open
sT)ace network and when a direct public benefit can be derived,
ie. , when adjacent residential development, the Greenway should
be developed for passive recr.eaticn and pedestrian/bike travel.
Policy 8. To au ument the scenic benefit of the Greenway, the City
should establish the major vehicular transportation routes as
scenic or visual corridors. The Park Board should plan and
initiate a program (through public and private cooperation)
for cooridor landscape preservation and/or improvement.
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13.
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The design of developments within the community can be regarded
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from two view points; the design of structures as they relate to site and
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function (architectural design) ; and their relationship to the
sourrounding area (community design) . Both aspects are of equal import-
ance.
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Good architectural deisgn is necessary to provide visual variety
and allow for individual identity. At the same time, good community
design provides a sense of unity with other development while eliminating
conflicting appearances.
Policy 9. In order to realize a sense of integrated community design, the
design review ordinance shaZZ be modified to include specified g
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landscape objectives, emphasizing the incorporation of natural
vegetation and unique topographic features in site design. Careful
consideration should also be given to the 3600, 3 dimensional. impact
of a site and structure design.
In considering the overall character of the community, it is
important to look to the past. As a community develops it should not
discard its past for the sake of the future. Historic features provide a
link with the past and add character and variety to the community's
design. Unfortunately, much of Tigard 's heritage has already been lost
' to deveiopmeh with only a few distinct structures remaining. There
`have been some extensive efforts by local citizens to document the history
of Tigard for the enjoyment of future generations. These efforts should
be supported.
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Policy 10. To preserve t!'.e Community' s hostory, an index of historic sites
shall be developed and made available to the general public; a
program shall be developed to acquire and/cr resotre, a number
of historic structures (through public and/or private effort)
identified. as significant. The City should also consider the
development of or preferably the renovation of a his tori c
structure as an histroic museum or cultural center, meeting;
hall complex, (ie. , Durham. School) .
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Another matter w"ich requires attention as an eler:ent of environ- �.
mental community design is the issue of farm land resources. Tigard's
heritage is linked to its agrarian n^'
b g_. past and maintai. ing some record
k and vestiges of this disappearing history should be a community concern. '
In addition, farm land ties into the pattern of open space set forth in the
cOmmunity' s design objectives. i
Until the early 19501::, Tigard primarily remained an agricultural R`
community. However, since the conversion to suburban uses began, in- �
creasing amounts- of farm land have been converted to other uses.
In evaluating the remaining agricultural Land for potential pre- '
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servation it must be recognized that Tigard Lies within the urban
grolArth boundaries established by CRAG. Under these cirucrostances, preserv-
ing large
reserv-ing ,large tracts of farm land would place an unnecessary burden on the
community to increase densities elsewhere to comnensate the the loss of f.
needed residential space. An additional consideration is that most 4
3 of these remaining parcels are not large enough to be economically a
viable.
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essentially, in a fast growing suburban community like Tigard, the is-
sue of preserving farm land should be left up to the individual prop-
erty owners.
(policy 11. Deleted by Council.) '-
Another resource issue than can be related to community design is
the extraction of sand and gravel deposits which are found in the plan
area. For the most part, this resource is scattered in small deposits.
Some, however, may be of sufficient size and quality to warrant future
extraction.
The manner in which these areas are exploited and especially re-
habilitated after extraction has both environmental and design implica-
tions. However, the environmental concerns can be addressed through
proper design criteria.
Policy 12. If natural resource extraction is determined to be feasible,
the City shall develop extraction and rehabilitation stand-
ards to minimize environmental problems and conflicts with
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adjacent land uses.
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'ECTICN1XrrrE
coal: To provide an adequate diversity and quanti'' of passive and
active recreational opportunities fo^ the community's residents.
Rapid growth in a community like Tigard tends to diminish the
availability of land for recreational purposes. Increasing land values
are a compounding factor and tend to inhibit acquisition of quality
recreation land. Simultaneously, regional growth containment boundaries
have been drawn, increasing the pressure for development inside the
boundaries. Tigard is locnted within the growth: containment area.
Therefore, increased demands for development can be expected., resulting
in even greater pressures to consume available ore,n spece.
"3hile the supply of land decreases, the need for recreational
space increases. An urgent reed, tht;reforc .. exists to provide these
facilities by devising a method for fi.:ancing a land acquisition and
development program that can compete with the pressures of development.
Since new development will generate the increased demand, such a financ-
inc method must look +-award -this new development bearing its share of the
financial responsibility.
In the process of pl.anninF for a park and recreation system it
is necessary to classify the individual components (neighborhood parks,
greenway, etc.) which will or could comprise the park system. In
addition, the establishment of a reasonable acquisition and development
program requires n listing of priorities and minimum levels of service
to be provided. The actual development of such a system requires
relating the provision of facilities and servico to the particular
needs and recreation desires of the residents to be sewed.
Policy 13. Park classifications and standards shall be adopted and a program
developed for the acquisition and development of a park and open
space system capable of ensuring an adequate supply of usable
open space and recreational facilities, directly related to the
specific needs of the local residents.
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c wide: for the
and p _ intended a,� � � s
ai'e
mp1e fol.lowin standards 0 c. ery L i+ orrUr's nd
-t� to devele mesi as - z
n
ark system Whict, re _. €
development Of a p�. s of the Cityt s residents.
r sraried recreation.1. need �
is respcxisi.v e to the -h-
is to nei;h1�or-
res differ from neit,...w
;peci.fi needs ^nd desires ac�-
owever; r h r rr S1C'r T:"ts cannot b2
hoed. 111 C ddition.,
t ;t- nee''s of Lu.u_e re c
rea�or;.; the par!,: r.evelopmen"t di.�t_ : ct..
cora tel , ra ectec . Fox' '
(Page ) were e�stablizileo.
develo`�ment patt.-rns,
The districts %-,ere " selected based on preselj �'
Or �' EPts 3S access
,� park standards, and J � future if
'the selected p >. * and be �dusted in Uhe,
barriers. They are not permanent nd may J i ,
i..: to p
•r� � stances change• , The purpose of the districts � rov.�ae
ci clim a ,es of recrea.tic nal facilities can
�lllount and types
service areas ��rhere the �, specific needs of
be fanned for and eventually provided based upon the p
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the poeple residing there.
,,I�ff -�� nnTC
G`V�'JTi.T'S �.y ,,�,Sli.1.C,A� it Cu'i S
PAR:
mini Perks
2. Neighborhood Parks
3. Community Parks
4. Large Urban Parks
Regional Parks + � be conbined)
d
5 . General Cpen Space preservation Orien�e - Pias
C. Tlatural Preserves
A. Scenic Pa psi%aays
B. Landscaped ?'reds
7,
water orient . Cites
C. Swimming
A. Fishing
B. Boating
t
8. pr'cial Use Areas
E. Trails 2 or more
A. Flay and Ball Fields Sports Cor�ples (.r
B. Court
Tennis, Basketball) F. of above)
fleBow and Arrow)
C. Ranges (Rifle, G. gold Courses
D. SV�imming Pools
g. Cultural Facilities
10, Historic Sites
11 Activity Centers
18.
Park Standard.
In the following component standards t'-':e words Shall, and Should
are used to denote= a_ minimum desirable level of facilities that shall
be provided, :and an additional level that should be provided, if
possible. The sise and population figures act i>s a gl-tide, but each
park should reflect, in its size ant', design the relationship between
people, space and facilities the site is intended to offer.
The sine and acres per 1000 population figures are set at an
average desirable level for each component. Tr^ overall desirable
level set by these standards is 10 acre per 1000 people lahich is ap-
roximately the present level provided within the City. In combination,
these standards constitute an ideal park sy-stew.
Basic Assumptions:
1. The Idea]. Par'_ System is intended to serve as a guide and
will be used to evaluate decisions or. the ongoing process
of parks development. It will also serve as the basis for
establish-n- a r.ysternns deti�elopnen t program. .
2. Due to economic constraints or population characteristics
the Ideal may never be reached. However, policy decisions
cl�nirl�i }tin 1 . 4 f.ihln
...........tea.. . e baoed on
are economically .uc u.-.. o..,
but also directed towa.:^d the esta.blis!:ed Ideal S:, stem.
3. The asunpti.^ns, data, criteria and policies should be
periodically rovi.evred to account for changes in circumstance.
The park._ a:creagc standards are set for lands available to tile
general public, and ourned or otherwise controlled. by the City or a
cooperating public agency. They do not include:
t
1. Public school property (not available for active outdoor w
recreation).
2. Special areas; - pathways, cemeteries, gold. courses, etc.
3. Private or voluntary agency lands and facilities.
$ <
4. Vacant undeveloped land not under ownership or control of
the City.
e*
19.
t
PARK AND OPEN SPACE STANDARDS
1. MIN! PARKS �
Purpose: 1'o supply a minimum of park land to serve as a
"Back Yard" for isolated areas or where density,
lot size, and/or income conditions deny avail- g_
ability of such facilities; or where access to fi
neighborhood parks is restricted; or to provide
landscoped sitting areas in the commercial core
of the city.
Size: 2500 sq. ft. to 1 acre
Acres/
People: 1 acre/1000
Service
Area: 1/4 vile radius
Location: Determined by need
Facilities
Activities: Play equipment, hard surface for wheeled toys,
sand area, benches and tables and trash recepticals
shall be provided. Benches, vegetation and trash
recepticals shall be provided in commercial area '
parks. 4
2. NEIGHBORHOOD PARKS E'
Purpose: To servo as the neighborhood center for active
and passive recreation.
Size: 2 to 5 acres.
Acres/
People: 2 acs/1M
Sem R: mile radius
Loogtion: Should be centrally located and away from oaj6r
thoroughfares. Ideally adjacent to elementary
schools. Easy visibility and access from surrounding
residents and public right-of-way should be con-
sidered.
Facilities/
i
Activities: Should be individually designed but shall provide,
open play areas, picnic area, drinking fountains:-, and
trash recepticals. Consideration should bs.., n
to provision of playground facil.itiess:, natural
areas, fencing, lighting and ease of Wntenance.
Additional facilities should be gassed on the recon- F
mendations of neighborhood residents and the: City k
a k
20.
i
i
3. GO�ITY _P MS
ilities wryich generally cannot be
Purpose: To provide fac
provided at the neighborhood level. To suppler
ment facilities provided by junior and senior
high schools and provide close at hand recreational
space.
Size: 10 to 20 acres.
Acres/
people: 2.5 acres/1000
Service
Area: Two to 3 neighborhoods. 1 to 1.5 mile radius.
Location: Should be central to the ndghborhoods to be
served and have direct access to major trans-
portation thoroughfares and bike paths.
Facilities/
Activities: Should be individually designed and shall provide
areas
ballfields, tennis courts,iicia
-use
eas anddcooking
(basketball,
facilities,open play
volleyball) peas• trails, restrooms,
irrigation, trash recepticala, fencing, lighting,
off-street parking and an internal road system
to allow for police surweilance. Should provide
shelters, natural areas and activity centers.
Facilities available through adjacent schools will
be included as part of the site requirements.
4. LARGE PARK
Purpose: To provide the residents of the greater cU =itJ
with an opportunity to get away from, the noise
and congestion of the city without traveling a
great distance. To provide large areas for diverse
activities encompassing passive and intensive
uses.
f
Size: 50-150 acres
Acres/ 5 Acres/1000
people:
Service
Area: 5 mile radius
location: Should be easily accessible bar auto or transit.
Ideally located with access for water activities.
Local pedestrian/bike access 'shall be provfdedl.
i
21
t
^ac lities/
Act v:i.tielame urban park shall. provide regulation ballfields,
s - a ?-; f . ; ' +-;nc lnr re na nni rales
p_1.c:!�C' .',leas and cookIng ct.,.._�i ua. , 'U Y Y
areas, drinking fountains, restrooms, treils, trash
recepticals, turned road system, off-street parking
and lardac:�ped areas. It should pro�ride ter-tris courts,
shelter^ and natural 7,,rea . a
r+'W;G T:.0,1T we.I, P
• �..rt'A.R.:ia::
Purpose:: To provide urban: resid-ents ;with an opportuni-Ly to ,get
at4 ,y from the noise and congestion of the city without
he.virig to travel great distance. To provide a large
natural state area.
`'ize: 00 to several thousand acres.
Acres/
People: 15 acres/1000 minimum
ervice
Area . An area which may cress county boundaries
Location. . Dependent on available resources. Ideally adjacent
to a lake or river.
-acilit es/
Activities: Campgrounds, picnic and day use areas, natural areas,
trail-3, restrooms and parking shall be provided.
'Water oriented a.ctivivies siouid be provided. Extensive
development may also be included (sports complex or
coliseum).
6. GENEFV_L OPEN SPACE
�
-ed Subcategories may be combined)
(Preservatiun, Orle:,�c - --
Purpose: To encourage access and use of areas of natural
and scenic beauty at a level that affords protection
of the various amenities of the area, and provides a
base for community identify.
Size: Community wide-overall; individual components
variable as appropriate.
Population
Served Variable, generally intended to benefit the entire
community.
22.
COMPOiv`ENTS OF GENERAL OPEN SPACE nrTWORK
A. SCENIM',AYS:
k`urpose: To provide linear areas of natural and man-made
beauty which will interconnect other members of
the park system, schools, and other public places. To
provide for conservation of scenic and natural areas,
especially water courses and areas subject to flood-
ing, To provide buffer areas along thoroughfares or
between conflicting land uses. To give a .feeling of
general openness to the community. #
Facilities/
Activities: Scenicways shall provide trails or walkways and
trash recepticals. The land shall by retained
primarily in its natural condition along waterways
and other areas of natural value. In areas where
development has occurred, landscaping and design
controls shall be applied. Additional landscaping
should be provided along these corridors. Rest
areas should be provided.
Location: Bordering waterways and areas subject to flooding,
along transportation and utility corridors.
B. LANDSCAPED AREAS:
f . purpose: To beautify areas not serving an actual park function
I but that would add to an atmosphere of open space.
Facilities/
Activities: Facilities should be limited .to` walkways _and sit-
ting- areas, trash recepticals should be provided.
a4. Location: Along major transportation corridors and interchanges, I `
commercial frontages, plazas, malls, and parking lots. 3
C DIATURAI PRESERVES: C
k
Purposes To preserve unique resources and to make natural
values available .for public education and enjoyment
through visual contact or an on-site experience.
Facilities/ �
yctivities Natural preserve facilities shall include those to
to protect and enhance the site, such as protective
fencing or guardrails, elevated walks, trash re- �
cepticals and landscaping;. Compatible activities
would include walking, viewing and nature study.
,. 23.
d
y .
C
Location: Dependent on available resources
7. WATER ORIENTED SITES
Purpose: To encourage access to and use of waterways.
Sites may exist as individuals or as part of a
multi-use park.
Facilities/
Activities: Appropriate uses would be swimming; boati cg and_
fishing. Fishing access shall include trails and
trash recepticals, if appropriate. Improvements
shall include docks, rafts, parking and trash
recepticals.
Location: Dependent on available resources.
S. SPECIAL L1SE AREAS
Purpose: To provide areas and facilities for activities
usually requiring special facilities (eg. , courts
and playfields). These special facilities general-
ly restrict other uses on the same site. They
can be supplied individually or in complexes
incorporating two or more of the uses in this
category,, and should be constructed at a park
site.
Facilities/
Activities: Depends on opportunity being provided. For com-
plexes, restroons and trash recepticals shall be
provided. For playfielda, baa3llfieelds and golf
courses, irrigation and trash recepticals shall
be provided. Faa�cilities such as fifle raanges
are not likely to be provided within the coam-
_ J.L I......._� ns.nmrn�a ahold be provided to
use Xacilities elsewhere: Parking aallwll. be pro-
vider�..:�;�Hl.eatc2iersegad l.i�ht•$zsg�:shasuliii,be�,prodded
when appropriate,
Size: Depends on faciiitt teing -provided aind--whether it
is a complex or single facility. Courts and fields
shall be regulation size for intended use.
Service .
Area: Depepds on activity and type of facility,, (eg.
Complex or single}, aid the type of`'park it is
located ire.
a r
9. CULTURAL FACILITIES
Purpose: To provide a place, in the conmunity, for formal
or informal public gathering that will allow for
increased cultural enrichment.
Facilitiesi
Activities: Cultural facilities may include plazas, malls,
small parks, fountains, open-air/indoor
theaters and a library and meeting hall coaplex.
Trash recepticals and benches shall be provided.
For landscaped areas irrigation shall be provided.
Larger facilities shail provide off-street
parking.
Location: Depends on facility being provided. Malls and
plazas should be placed in the commercial core or
well developed areas. Larger facilities should
be located away from congestion, a plaza can be
incorporated into a larger facility or complex.
Should serve the entire community.
10. HISTORIC SITES:
Purpose: To identify and preserve local historic sites and
structures for en3oyment and education of present
and future generations.
Facilities/
Activities: Historic sites, shall be developed or incorporated
in a development in a way that preserves the in-
tegrity of the site or structure. Interpretive
signs and trash recepticals shall be provided.
Parking, trails, picnic facilities and protective
fencing should be provided when feasible.
Locution: Dependent on available resources.
11. ACTIVITY CENTERS
Purpose: To provide indoor areas for gatherings of
local residents or special age groups of the
City's population.
Facilities/
Activities: Could be for a specific age group, (eg., senior
citizens or youths) or the entire community.
Centers shall provide meeting rooms, kitchen or
concessions; lounge, work rooms, restrooms,
trash recepticals, off-street parking, and land-
scaped areas. Could be supplied in conjunction
with a cultural center.
Location: Should be easily accessible to all groups intended
to, be served by the facility, Shall be located
with a direct access by auto, transit or pathway.
P ,
G�r�ti ueyeloprne:. Policies
=1 Ter'_ V 4 C_ural. F) '' t v f�t'�i 'fa 'u')^ �,n
_ p .r �_ e , a� ne by e L rks and open
pap, stand, -: s n4' system should be developed
accordinc to the folloi,,'i.n,' prio.ities
e:
A Facilities within a par's will be adjusted to Meet the needs
and desires oT the district residents and the
characteristics of the site. Pare and./or recreational facilities
in greate, t demand and least supply should receive the high-
est development priol.ities.
D. P Irl,:s should be planned to insure naximum benefit to the
grea-.tcL�t number of local .residents. For this reason,
acquisition and developmentcf community level parks should
be given the highest priority.
C. Development of additional. ne i ghborhood parks will have a
lower priority for public funding and are encouraged to be
provided by the private rector vritljin planned unit develop-
me.-t s
evelop-
ments
L. i iYli L,eiY�:�, 'rlav� ishe lowest deve-lopment priority and should
be supplied at public expense only if an area is determined
to be isolated from access to other parks, or where space
is extremely limited.
E. Provision of regional park facilities will only be considered
as an interjurisdictional project; and ,should have a loge
priority unless unusual, circumstances arise.
F. Cook Park should be considered a large urban park and
should be fully developed before consideration is given to
anor,her facility of this classification. The expansion of
this park will be a high priority.
26.
■
C. Accaptaincc cf ,a_ny !,and dedicated for pInric purposes s'2a11 be
based upoli tt u: efulne ss and adaptabilityto the adoptec
onrIr and open sr}:7(`u F.rr-#-knl.
S
'o ICY IC., New t.evielcpI.°.eats . hr:;ll be r rp 'i l e for fl n i r +' n r
�7a-re of nev par .: , based on nn establ esti, >d acroar,,e Stnndarc'.
The City Inl , `iowe�ver, sock add..iti^real fuIi1s. through public
sources suci2 as .Special. levio.q and grants.
a
i
Policy 16. Developers shall be givtEn a choice of op4-ional ways to pro-
vide open S:'aCE based onthy' establ.ishod pnr k acreage stand
-
arCi. T:ley can c11 tIIr r:
1 . (Contribute to the systems cms aolcpmFnt fund in proport kor
to the estebl is`2ed par's acre•,ge standard.
2. Develop a nortinn of an existing park, equivalent to the
a
pal:.'., acrea4e standard for their project.
3. Develop a nein pare on site subject to the approval. of
the City .
Density rGnuc �s should ?1 o be GG1SirerPCfor open space prov-ided
,
which exceeds the par's acreage requirements; but shall be granted ac-
coding to the standard: established by the separate neighborhood plans.
Community Schools
Tigard school District 2'3I,T owns large tracts of land ,tiri.t_f2in the plan.
3
area, some of which are slated. for future development to meet increased
demands. Schools are public facilities, and vIaeir ,li.lc.n,--IS Consume
considerably less than the total acreage available. They also provide
many recreational .facilities such as gymnasiums, tennis courts, etc.
For t"Iese_ reasons, they are an obvious source of additional open space
and recreational opportunity.
PolJcy 17. The City shall work toward establishment of a cooperative
arrangement with the school districts (community schools
program) to ensure provision of adequate year round rec-
reational programs and facilities, and to eliminate un- y
necessary overlay of facilities.
4
_ 1
� t
27.
i
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Beyond adquate ,,upply of land available, there is c-3
nlecersity for ccntinual. parks plpnning an(1 0!evelmom.,ent n- ,, the deriands
for space In cenjunctic.., wi4u-',-. providing fac-'I.Jties t!
mmountin'T pres��u_, fclr I.-I)c prov_i�lcn of -round recrc:aticnai 'nctivitics.
Unfctx_watel;- Lhe present City doe o- not hove t-irme to de,.,ote
to -,park Oevolo-pmant andl rocreatlonni program, pinn.,,,
ani . The-refore , it
C_1
is importont that adequate s-1,nIffing, P(- provided to acsist the Park
Board in tale task of ccordina-tinf,.., ti.c. I)Tanning -nnd development of the
City':: Pak and F3ocrentjon program. ThIS is 11 continuing and complex
0 C,
asassignment which chould no-L be entrusted to a volunt er opp in.4- d
body without qualified staff assistanc-e.
Pedestrian/Bicycle Pathways
One or the most important factors to a successful park system is
safe and convenient access tc the various park sites. The City cur-
rently has a Pedc-strian/Bikenpth Plan (adopted in 1974) but pat.k.
construction has been slow and seriously underfunded. This plan re-
emphasizes the need for the paths and recommends the system be pro-
vided in the following manner.
Policy 18. Safe and convenient pedestrian/bike routes shall be provided
th,rough,_)ut the community. All major street construction or
improveiae.ciLb s"Iell bu uoordinaLed wilvh Lhe coiarmuriiLy
bicycle path plan and facilities provided.
Pc icy 20. The City should budget an adequate portion c'L public works
or general account monies for path construction each budget-
ing year: and seek ad.ditional funds through grants, special
levies and other sources.
Policy 21. When land is developed and includes a designated pedestrian/
bicycle path route, easements shall be granted -to the City.
In cases where development increases the need for the path,
construction should also be required. 'vlhen development
occurs that is not on a designated bikepath route, but in-
creases the need for a path, a contribution to a special
28.
.bikepath construction fund should be sought.
Policy, 22,-.In areas where a pate is routed through or adjacent to a
residential area, the path and/or the buildings ir: the
area should be situated in a manner to provide natural
surveillance of the path. The number of entry points to
the path should also be limited in these areas.
In addition, it is recommended that a pathway and bridge be constructed
allowing the linkage of Conk Park to Tualatin Park in the City of
Tualatin. This would conform to the parks plan prepared by the City of
Tualatin. It would also increase the potential for state and/or federal
funding of such a project.
RFCOInIENDF.D IMi'I:F.'MENTATIOPV MEASURES
The most important element of this plan is a reasonable and
effecitve met',od of implementation. It is not uncommon for well in-
tended park and open speice plans to be relegated to collecting dust
on a shelf due to a lack of sound proposals for land acquisition and
development. In addition, plans proposing strong implementation
devices can fail in public hearings or as a result of court challenges
because they may be judged inequitable and/or arbitrary in their
manner of coliectinb fees and dilctrib„tinv benefits.
The major problems identified in other system°; which have failed
in court or through administration are: .
1. No reasonable/direct connection between where money is spent
and where it is collected; no benefit to those who pay.
2. Arbitrary site select i.or, after :Honey is collected.
z
3. Lack of equitable participation in payments, especially deal-
ing with multi-family units versus single-family, and arbitrary*
level of fee accessed.
4. Legal challenges due to excessive front-end costs to developers.
29.
x
}
s
>. .i�ac',i of c'dmini.,trati'7e methods to insure parx Sit?S are
c e.z r r
pre,� eta and charge: are collected. '
,.,r_ add iti.onn—1 prob `Ti. ril his to face is the City/County
1 O-aJ �
U.
jurisdi^tionra2
Greenwa �, at m
/Path���aSr >"Y }'
In addition to par'c ;Ianc'., this plan cent_s`ruP:> to cu 'ppo_'t the
SPOce,
protecting the
reerlWa.y Go=�Cept ris a mean`` c)f providing open POce,
natural drainage system. It establishes the greeria:ay as the hu:; of the
open space systea, The vreer_way as originally proposed in the 1971
Community P2sr,, .,This, established �annc Creek and it major tributaries
linear open space. it also proposed that the greenway
as a source of
�
In 1974 the City
system serge as a route for pedestrian/bicycle travel.
adopted the Pedestrian Bicycle Path Plan. The plan specified whirl: portions
of the grEenway should f111ietior as actual pathways. The 1974 plan calls
for paths along s
Ton of Fartno Creek, within the plan area
1. The entire gt==
2. Summer Creek from Tiedeman to S'ti 135th.
3 mhe watercour�.e that flM%s fr�nm B 111 ltiicuntain thrcugY. Jack Park to
i
^ummer Creek.
�, The ttratart- ttzat flogs t?irough the Genesis, Pathfinder area to
S.W. Walnut Street.
Retaining the ndrainag<� system in its natural state will
save the public many braes the cost of a piped drain
system. At the j
£.; sarse time, -the areas listed above, as pathways, provide excellent op-
ortunity for passive recreation and pedestrian,Pbike travel, Because
rties, financing o
this system will benefit all local residential prope
its acquisition and development shout- come from all residential
'° properties in the Plan "rea.
Each new residential development should therefore, share in main
twining the existing natural_ drainage system and. also the responsibility
to
provide public access to and through the areas indicated as pathways.
However, not every developable parcel con'ta.ir_s flood plain property and ;
.$. those properties
for this reason seeking Greenway dedication from only
adjacent to a water course would not be repigonable. This plan, therefore, !
f
�t
30.
's
sets out a system whereby all Land develoYment. woult share in the
financial responsibility of protectin,,7the natural drainage system.
AD'' iISI`!''ICIN AND D'E11-r.LCP.EN`C
It is proposed that following financing method be estcblished
.for the development of t .e Gree:.iraly =- s ,erg. :� t, Time Qf. i.iial p'�:�t
-approval of resider.ti al. C.'evel.opirraerts, a rn i r share fee will be assessed
(/acre) for development of be drainage and pathway system. T1-1Ee
fair share formula would be as follo,�,,s:
A ._ P/ID (% - Fair Snare Ascessment
(D) Total roes c`' Buildable
Residential: Land (See
Tec.unical Report)
(P' - Total Ccst of Proposed Greenway
FathS� stem (See Technical.
IteUn. t j
Evvelopments with portions of their I-)ruperty in the fl.ocd Ul<air or
c^ designateddre incce/o8 th?lay may dedicate land and p.'ovi °.e a -tion of
the pathway in lieu of the assessment. if more than the fair, share
is dedicated 4u LM developer will reimbursed f02^ 'he eXcess. if le s
is dedicated w.-,en r cart-ial ,.E-e will be assessed.
This formula will ensure equal participation in Greenway acquisition
and development. It d .es not, hot4-ever, provide sufficient funds for
maintenance of the pathway system..
Thee funds can be provided by assessing a fee on all residents.
The assessment to be designated as a public utility fee for maintaining
the storm drainage/ratY:way system. The fee could be attached to the
,rater bill to insure full participation in financing. This .will, of
course, be dependent upon satisfactory arrangmener_ts with the local
water districts.
r
31,
>TT: r' C`-U'rr*TMTnIT r)7�uT?APn
The acqu: ;]'_tion and devZ =l opDient of pary�s and recreational facilities
c �eve'll Charge rL } ,e� } tial ss
iiy c. Sys
-tem 1> .c_.:p af?"1't f.r1R7 Vic'. 11_iic_1 will be � >_ed
on each new residential unlit. The charge will be as sessed at the time
of issuance of the building permit, T,Pd i pari nn of l and mcy I,
accepted in lieu of tti o fee provided that 2t meets the stand irds set
in the plan for park sites, and is anprev ed by the: Park Board.
The formula and procedures will be as followr,:
1. Establi;-1z two service districts ulinZ Pacific i-ii.ghway as
the boundary and. assign an eccount to each district. Money
received will be spent in the district it is collected from.
2. identify a specific (most desirable) par': site. Each site sized
according to the standards set in the filar_. The location of
each site will be determined by development patterns and the
desires of the residents within the specific park district.
3. Establish an assessment based on the acres/population standard
set in the plan (1 ac./100), and the avert ge L le value of
residential land in the plan -rea (=,dated annually) . The
charge per unit will be based on the average people per
unit ratio (census tract data, updated annually) . Dedications
of. the land'will. be corlsidered in lieu of the fee.
4. Administrative procedures will be established to ensure collection
of the system development cherge at the time of issuance of each
building permit for a dwelling unit/s, and that no unsatisfactory
land is accepted, through dedication, in lieu of the fee.
5. Arr-angements should be made with the County for the collection
of the system development charge in the unincorporated portions
M the Plan area
32.
2
SYSTEM DEVELC HENT CI ARGE FC)RMULA
,5.
(A.) - Park Acreage Standard
(P) = Average rr of People per unit
A X P X = c ( } = Average Appraised value of
Re sidelitiai iaund
(S) = System Charge
`Certified by PSU Center for population research
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E
CITY OF TIGARD
P.O. Box 23397
12420 S.W.Main
Tigard,Oregon 97223
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
TIGARD PARK AND RECREATION BOARD
Fred Cooper, President Gerald Deas
Jerry McKee, Vice President Robert Bellinger
Phillip Hirl Robert Buckley
Mary Payne Jan Choruby
Roger Zumwalt Dave Lewis
i
CITY COUNCIL CITY PLANNING COMMISSION
Wilbur Bishop, Mayor Allan Popp, Chairman
John C. Cook Frank Tepedino
Allan W. Mickelson Marcus A. Wood
Lynn Wakem Stuart Moore
Kenneth Schekla William Goldbach
Clarence Nicoli
Edna Sakata
CTTY STAFF
Richard Bolen, Planning Director
Ben Altman, Project Planner
John Laws, Associate Planner
Larry Svart, Assistant Planner
Patricia Claussenius, Graphic Coordinator
The preparation of this report was financed in part through a
comprehensive planning grant from the Department of Housing and
Urban Development.
PLAN STATUS
Adopted by the Tigard City Council August 8, 1977, Ordinance No. 77-70
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE NO
I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. THE TIGARD COMMUNITY 5
III. PLAN POLICIES
1. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION 8
2. ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNITY DESIGN 12
3. PARKS AND RECREATION 17
IV. PARK AND OPEN SPACE STANDARDS 20
V. RECOMMENDED IMPLEMENTATION 30
VI. MAPS BACK COVER
1, LAND USE
2. FLOOD PLAIN AND WETLANDS
3. TOPOGRAPHY
4. GEOLOGY
5. EXISTING VEGETATION
6. PARKS AND OPEN SPACE
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INTRODUCTION
The roots of this document are planted in issues much broader
than the title might suggest . In essence, it is a plan intended
to preserve the natural characteristics and amenities of the
�_„,„,,.ni-ty, while ,,,,sly, providing a sense of inte-
T..IL��i.lCl t�wiuuuui �•y , wui.ic Siiitul ta.iii.,.+---
grated community design. As a bonus for this method of planning,
a usable network of open spaces for recreation and relaxation
is identified and permanently set aside.
Growth in any community means a reduction of open space.
Across the nation , houses are covering agricultural land, flood
plains and wetlands
are being filled and � .
built on, and a multi- fi
tude cf unique natural
features are being
exploited and lost
forever. At the same
time, growing popula-
tions place an in- �
.F
creasing premium on
the preservation of
these same resources . x
The loss of forest
lands, Scenic view, M �xi
wildlife habitats, '
and increasing pollu-
tion arl(ic emphasis
to the need for pre- p� ~ � "` `13
servation of our "
valuable resources
These conflicts between growth and the environment are the
result of the several components of urban development competing
for the use of our land resources to suit their specific needs
and desires. The basic conflict is between the individual land-
use rights and the broader interest of the entire community. This
is a major philosophical question for which there is rising pres-
sure to resolve. Tigard and other local governments throughout
the land are confronted with this issue on a daily basis . The
solution undoubtedly lies in the recognition of the necessity for
maintaining an equitable balance between the, government's desire
to protect. the public interest and individuals' , businesses' , and
corporations' wishes to use their land as they please.
This Plan recognizes the value of the natural environment
and attempts to establish the degree of respect due the land. This
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is accomplished through a process of using nature as the major
guide to land development . In the following plan, nature'
processes are used to determine policy direction to insure that
continued development will be in harmony with the natural features
of the community and in the best interest of all concerned.
The Plan policies are presented in three major sections. The
first section, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION, deals
with natural processes (storm water runoff, erosion, etc. ) . It
also sets the framework for sections two and three: Using environ-
- -r; ,_ ,
cr i. -o iUa., sGct 4 Vn Vile establishes cons-iructi.on and location
mental
controls for all types of development. Specific areas such as
flood plains, steep slopes and natural habitats are categorized
as nondevelopable and set aside as permanent open space.
Section two, ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNITY DESIGN , augments these
controls by offering community design criteria for the purpose of
integrating development with the physical features of the area.
These criteria are centered primarily on the appearance of a struc-
ture and its relationship to topography; natural vegetation and
surrounding land uses.
The third section, PARKS AND RECREATION , completes the pack-
age by formulating policies and standards to guide the development
of a system of parks and open spaces aimed at maximizing recrea-
tional opportunity and aesthetic benefit to community residents.
The open space system proposed by this Plan was generated by using
the lands designated (from section one) as environmentally unsound
for construction as its foundation. The majority of these unbuild-
able lands are along Fanno Creek and -its tributaries and are re-
ferred to in the Comprehensive Plan as the Greenway System. In
addition, the Greenway is augmented by specific sites selected
for their environmental uniqueness (e.g. , attractiveness, historic
value and/or recreational potential) . The in
rli vidual co°'�^^�^ � c
.t,. ncn s
of the open space system are to be linked together for optimum
accessibility, use, and enjoyment, by means of a network of pedes-
trian/bike paths.
Thus, the total package yield3 an integrated community design.
The design ensures the continuance of natural cycles and enhances
the visual attractiveness of the community. Simultaneously, the
community benefits in several ways:
Psychologically, through retention of essential natural fea-
tures which daily remind the individual of the delicate thread
connecting each person 's life to the natural order of things;
Sociologically, from expanded recreational opportunity allow-
ing diverse community participation in outdoor activities, and
through a community design that promotes community identity;
Personally, from increased health and safety derived from
reduced air pollution (e.g. , natural air purification of trees)
and minimized potential for damage to property or loss of human
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life, caused by natural hazards such as flooding and land slides;
1
And Economically, through efficiencies in supplying public
services (police , fire, water) to a unified area, and from an
enhanced city image promoting increased property values and attract-
ing new employment in the form of commerce and industry.
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THE TIGARD COMMUNITY
PLANNING AREA
The City of Tigard, once a farming community, is now essen-
tially a residential suburb of Portland. It is situated in the
southeast portion of Washington County abutting portions of west-
ern Clackamas and Multnomah Counties. However, in order to accom-
modate expected growth and to give consideration to areas directly
influenced by the City, the plan area boundaries were drawn out-
side the actual city limits (see map page 4) . The plan area is
served by three major auto transportation routes, Pacific Highway,
Highway 217, and Interstate 5. Two rail lines also serve the area.
PHYSICAL SETTING
Tigard is located at the lower end of the Fanno Creek Drain-
age Basin which empties into the Tualatin River at the City 's
southern boundary. This location makes flooding a particular
community concern which this plan addresses.
However, while Fanno Creek poses the threat of periodic flood-
ing, it also offers the natural asset of a relatively undeveloped
and heavily vegetated meandering course through the center of the
community. This feature'
becomes even more attrac-
tive when the tributary _ `T'a
streams are added, as
they flow between gently
rolling; hills often
covered with significant
stands of timber. The
major topographic relief
in the plan area isin
the western portion in a
the form of Bull and
Little Bull Mountains. .
Elevations within thea`
plan area range from 500
feet near the top of Bull
Mountain to 110 feet at
the Tualatin River. (See physical inventory maps, )
DEVELOPMENT PATTERN
Since the early 195O 's, the community has undergone, at an
increasingly rapid rate, a transformation from rural to suburban
land use. Development was uncontrolled and unplanned until the
adoption of the 1971 Tigard Community Plan. The Community Plan
5
was the City's first attempt to counteract the unsightly strip
commercial and disjointed residential sprawl of the 1960 'x.
Fortunately , since the
Community Plan , more atten-
tion has been given to
aesthetic design. Never the-
less, Tigard is left with
an undesirable scar of
F strip commercial develop-
ment along Pacific Highway.
Early development also
exploited the natural amen-
ities of the community ,
., inefficiently consuming
land with little regard
for natural processes or
recreational space .
COMUERCIAL/INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
The land use map (see Physical Inventory text) shows the ma-
jority of the commercial activity being centered on Pacific High-
way with increasing development along Highway 217 and Hall Boule-
vard. The more intensive industrial uses occur west of Interstate
5, along 72nd Avenue and follow the Burlington Northern and Southern
Pacific railroad tracks.
RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT
While scattered throughout the plan area, residential devel-
opment is primarily west of Hall Boulevard and southwest of High-
way 217. Multi-family units are generally located along major
arterials, concentrated on Hall Boulevard, Pacific Highway , and
Vt.cc.uhui. g Road.
SCHOOLS AND PARKS
There are eight schools located within the plan area.. Among
} these there is one high school, two junior high schools and five
elementary schools. The school district also owns additional land
for future school sites. The City of Tigard presently owns five
park sites (62.59 acres) , some of which are not developed. With
a present population of 11,058 there is approximately ten acres of
park land per 1,000 people in the City (including usable school
property) . The City also has 42. 1.7 acres of land dedicated by
various developments for public or semi-public use. Much of this
land lies in the flood plain , and is suitable for paths and non-
intensive recreational use.
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND PRESERVATION
GOAL: To protect and promote public health and safety , to regu-
late development in inherently hazardous areas, and to
preserve environmental quality.
Even though Tigard has numerous ordinances and policies con-
trolling development, the policies in this plan were developed
as if no controls were presently in existence. This method was
used to ensure a holistic approach to policy formulation , rather
than a patchwork or bandage process.
People, and subsequently governments, face environmental prob-
lems as a result of activities that are either improperly located
or otherwise contrary to natural processes. Nature offers a well
balanced system of events--natural cycles. When these cycles are
disrupted by human intervention, nature may react in an unforgiv-
ing manner.
In terms of developing the land for human uses, there are
certain physical characteristics that limit the type and level of
activity that can safely occur. These characteristics are referred
to as natural hazards or physical limitations. There are three
major development limitations which exist in the plan area. They
are:
1. Flood Plains and Wetlands,
2. Runoff and Erosion, and
3. Soil Instability.
These di°a discussed in greater d(-tail in the Technical Report
Section.
Even though these limitations to building are characteris-
tically separate, they are linked through the, interrelated natural
processes that create them. These interconnections are directly
related to the roles of:
1. Geologic Deposits and Processes,
2. Water and the Hydrologic Cycle,
3. Soil Properties,
4. Slope, and
5. Vegetation.
In order to minimize potential development hazards due to
physical limitations and hazards, these interrelationships require
a program of coordinated control , ensuring the balanced continua-
tion of nature's processes.
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PHYSICAL LIMITATIONS
The physical features which form the make-up of any piece of
land have a direct relationship to the type and density of devel-
opment which can be accommodated on that property (carrying capac-
ity) . Combinations such as steep slopes and unstable soils create
severe development constraints (see Technical Report) . Excessive
development in such physically limited areas greatly increases
the potential severity of landslide, earthquake damage , flooding,
etc.
POLICY 1. Designate areas of physical limitation (poorly drained,
seasonally flooded, ground instability) and incorporate
-these designations in the city zoning ordinance and
map, and develop graduated development restrictions
according to the distinct characteristics of the con-
straints and anticipated limitations.
FLOOD PLAINS, WETLANDS, RUNOFF AND EROSION
Often in the past ,
development has occured K t o`'
along streams and drain- r
ageways that are subject .j ,
to periodic flooding.
This reduces the natural
capacity of the land to
control runoff and ero-
sion, and consequently
increases the potential
for flooding during times
of peak rainfall . a .
0 tives Using
b 'ec
J
the detailed information
gathered on flood plains,
wetlands and areas of
serious drainage prob-
lems, develop policies
to:
1 . Controll development , and encourage nonintensive uses,
in these areas.
2. Minimize the runoff-erosion impact of development on the
surrounding area and downstream properties.
3. Emphasize the retention of a vegetation buffer along
streams and drainageways, to reduce runoff and flood
damage and provide erosion control .
In the process of evaluating the' plan area for flood plains
and wet .lands, several informational problems were identified:
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1. Discrepancies were found between calculated flood ele-
vations and their demarcation on the official maps.
2. Vague delimitations of flood plains along Summer and Red
Rock Creeks.
3. Lack of distinction between the floodway (area of fastest
stream flow) and the flood plain fringe.
4 . Lack of reliable hydrologic data regarding flood levels
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expected from future development .
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In addition to these problems, there is the issue of the
cumulative effect of development upstream of Tigard. Flood levels
in Tigard will be substantially determined by the controls exer-
cised over development outside the plan area (see Technical Report) .
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POLICY 2. The City shall initiate a cooperative, interjurisdic-
tional mater shed, storm drainage and flood plain
management, study of the Fanno Creek basin, and estab-
lish restrictive interim standards for development
until sufficient data is available to set, standards
at identified levels of adequacy. _Interim standards
shaZZ limit, the rate of runoff and erosion caused by
a development both during and at, completion of con-
struction, as well as development in all flood plain
and wetZond areas identified in the physical inventory.
The Fanno Creek drainage system includes numerous small water
courses. The integrity of these natural drainageways is intrin-
sically connected to the system's capacity to reduce excessive
runoff and subsequent flood levels. Often, however, developers
-alterthese water courses to suit their development purposes,
usually to provide more usable land. The resultant adverse im-
pacts are detrimental to the entire drainage system.
POLICY 3. The City shall restrict alteration of natural drainage-
ways unless it can be demonstrated that the benefits
are greater than the detrimental effects. Other jur-
isdictions in the Fanno Creek Basin shall be encouraged
to do the same.
Besides the basic need to control development in flood prone
areas, it -was found that public knowledge of floodplain hazards
was lacking. Many of the obstructions previously placed in the
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flood plain were the
result of either ig-
norance or overly
Ci
optimistic attitudes
about potential flood-
ing problems. These i
obstructions (e .g. ~�
Main Street Bridge)
hinder the flow of
high water and tend
to increase flood
levels .
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POLICY 4. The City shall deveZop methods of removing and/or
flood proofing major obstructions within the flood
plain. The City should also consider methods of �
educating the public regarding the .flood plain.
Vegetation , without a doubt (see Technical Report) , serves
an essential function in the process of runoff and erosion control .
Nonetheless, it is too often removed and replaced by buildings
and asphalt .
POLICY 5. The city shall adopt, an ordinance to reg julate the
removal and/or replacement, of existing no ur-rZ vege-
tation in designated a?leas, q. fZnod pla2ns, drain-
ageways, areas of high visibility, unique habitats,
or rare species. Significant, trees or stands of timber
shaZZ also be protected.
Proper administration of the above policies relies heavily
upon the availability of adequate information upon which to assess
the environmental impacts of a project . The development , which
creates the need, should be responsible for providing the City
with the necessary data for making sound decisions. The burden ,
after all , is on the applicant to prove that the project will not
adversely affect the environment or create undue future liabili-
ties :for the City.
POLICY 6. Require a site development report., e .g. hydrology,
soils, geology, for major projects in designr.cTt.ed areas;
and a statement reflecting methods to be used to mini
rrrize the runoff erosion impact of the deveZopmPnt on
t,Yte surrounding area and downstream properties.
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ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNITY DESIGN
GOAL: To preserve areas and features of significant natural or
scenic beauty. To enhance the opportunities for continued
enjoyment of the natural environment of the community.
GOAL: To preserve and/or conserve renewable and nonrenewable
resources. To protect and promote the ecology of the
community and to discourage premature and unnecessary
conversion of open space to urba.n uses.
This section serves as a manual for environmental community
design. It proceeds beyond the neighborhood planning process
by establishing environmental iolicies and techniques for accom-
modating the various types of land use proposed in each Neigh-
borhood Plan . The guiding premises of this section are that site
and building designs should allow for proper functioning of each
element involved in a development project . Also, each develop-
ment should be complementary to the community 's natural attrac-
tiveness .
A review of the community 's development: history reveals the
all too common occurance of natural amenities being unnecessarily
replaced by asphalt and buildings. The result has often been to
increase flood potential while detracting from the pleasant atmos-
phere a primarily residential community should maintain . A com-
munity 's design should be directly related to and easily identi-
fied with the function the community serves. While Tigard is
fortunate to have' a viable employemnt base in the form of indus-
trial and commercial businesses, it is fundamentally a residential
coRli iuiii Ly.
A residential environment calls for a pleasant , relaxing
atmosphere. The community design then, should include those
aesthetic and natural features considered complimentary to a de-
sirable living environment . One of the key features is the main-
tenance of a sense of openness . Open space not only provides
visual relief but also recreational opportunity.
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Therefore, one of the objectives of this section is to ensure
that' a full complement of open space, in both large arid small
reserves, is provided as future development occurs. Once again ,
nature provides the essential ingredients, as wellasa develop-
ment guide.
Fanno Creek and its tributary system provides an excellent
opportunity for linear open space, linking the entire community
together. (See Open Space Map. )
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POLICY 7. Retain the 700-year fZood plain of Fanno Creek, -its
tributaries and the TuaZat,in River as an open preserve
(Greenway) . The Greenway shall be established as the
backbone of the open space network and when a direct,
public benefit can be derived, i. e . , adjacent residers-
tiaZ deveZopment., the Greenway should be developed for
passive recreation and pede.st,rian/bike travel .
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POLICY 8. To augment the scenic benefit, of the Greenway, the City
should establish the major vehicular t.ransportoti.on
routes as scenic or visual, corridors. The Park Board
Should plan and initiate a program (through public and
private cooperation) for corridor landscape preservation
andfor _improveme.nt,.
13
The design of developments within the community can be
regarded from two view points; the design of structures as they
relate to site and function (architectural design) , and their
relationship to the surrounding area (communtiy design) . Both
aspects are of equal importance.
Good architectural design is necessary to provide visual
variety and allow for individual identity. At the same time,
good conununity design provides a sense of unity with other de-
velopment while eliminating conflicting appearances .
DnT T nXr n
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V. in Order to reaZ2ze a sense Of integrated community
design, the design review ordinance shaZZ be modified
to incZude specified Zandscape objectives, emphasizing
the incorporation of naturaZ vegetation and unique
topographic features in. site ryesign. CarefuZ considera_
tion. shouZd also be given to the 3000, 3-dirnensional
impact of a site and structure
design.
(1
In considering the overall
character of the community, it Yg'
is important to look to the past.
As a community develops it should
not discard its past for the sake
of the future. historic features
AA
provide a link with the past and
add character and variety to the
community's design. Unfortunately,
much of Tigard's heritage has
already been lost to development
with only a few 'distinct struc-
tures remaining, (See Technical ^ °
n F
ReP01 • ) There have been some
extensive efforts by local citi "
tens to document-thehistory of
Tigard for the enjoyment of future
generations., Continuation of
such efforts _should be supported.
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POLICY 10. To preserve the community 's history, an index of
historic sites shall be developed and made avaiZ-
ab Ze to the general public; a program, shall be
developed to acquire and/or restore a number of
historic structures (through pubZic andlor private
effort) identified as significant. The City should
also consider the development of, or preferably
the renovation of, an historic structure as an
historic museum or cultural center, meeting ha1Z
complex, i,e. LUrham School.
Another matter which require:.
attention as an element of environ-
mental community design is the issue
of farm land resources. Tigard's
heritage is linked to its agrarian
past and maintaining some record
and vestiges of this disappearing
history should be a community concern.
In addition, farm land ties into
the pattern of open space set forth
in the community 's design objectives.
Ungil the
early 1950 's, Tigard
primarily remained an agricultural
community. However, since the con-
version to suburban uses began, in-
creasing amounts of farm land have
been converted to other uses.
In evaluating the remaining
agricultural land for potential pre-
servation, it must be recognized that
Tigard lies tyithi_n the
urban growth boundaries
established by CRAG.
Under these circumstances,
preserving large tracts
of farm land would place
an unnecessary burden on
the community to increase
densities elsewhere to
compensate for the loss
of needed residential
space. An additional
consideration is that
most of these remaining
parcels are not large
enough to be economically
viable.
A
15
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�,ommunity like Tigard,
suburban to the indi-
in a fast growing be left up
EssehtfaleServing
farm land should
the issue oex r owners.
vidual proper
Another resource
issue that can be ��
unity design
to
ted comm 1�
ion of
is e
he xtract
,sits
sand and g Found i n the
which are r the m ost
lan area• Fo TCe 1S3d
p this resou
, ll de
x
part tiered in sma
however ,
posits. Some , ,
be of sufficient _ . ,
quality may to
size and q
future extrac- i i
warrant ' „� x
tion.
manner in which
The exploit
areas are �
especially reba- ,{ .. ...,
thesest
'.', concerns
ed and after extrac the environmental
bilitated environ- However, i
tion has both �l,.cations- n kriteria
and design imp roper design !
mental through p'
can be addressed to be 1
�-tion is d��t,errnined
f natural. resource
ex,t,r<'. ', P:xrt,raction and re_
POLICY 11• I t;he City sha.LL devu.- pnvironme.7ata.2
feasible, Vic} minimizPnt 1,and uses.
hrzbilit,a, standards � th adjacent
erobjems and con flirts w ' i
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PARKS AND RECREATION
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GOAL: To provide an adequate diversity and quantity of passive �
and active recreational opportunities for the community 's
residents.
Rapid growth in a community like Tigard tends to diminish
the availability of land for recreational purposes. Increasing
land values are a compounding factor and tend to inhibit acqui-
sition of quality recreational land. Simultaneously , regional
growth containment boundaries have been drawn , increasing the f
pressure for development inside the boundaries. Tigard is loca-
ted within the growth containment area. Therefore , increased
demands for development can be expected, resulting in even greater �
pressures to consume available open space .
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While the supply of land decreases, the need for recreational
space increases. An urgent need, therefore , exists to provide
these facilities by devising a method for financing a land acqui-
sition and development program that can compete with the pressures
of development . Sincenewdevelopment will generate the increased
demand, such a financing method must look toward this new develop-
ment :bearing its share of the financial responsibility . I
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In the process of planning for a park and recreation system,
it is necessary to classify the individual components (neighbor-
hood parks, greenway, etc. ) which will or could comprise the park
system. In addition , the establishment of a reasonable acquisi-
tion and development program requires a listing of priorities
t 1 n prC e actual .' i
and 1311 il.l.nlUlfl levels of Sr'rvi%c o. „,.. provided. �'h � d C op-_ 4
ment' of such a system requires relating the provision of facili-
ties and services to the particular needs and recreation desires
of the residents to be served.
POLICY 12. Park classifications and standards shaZl be adopted
and aprogram developed for acquisition and develop-
ment of a park and open space system to ensure an
adequate supply of usable open space and recreational }
facilities, directly related to the spa.ci fic-needs
of the Local residents.
The following standards and policies are intended as guides
for the development of-a: park system which reacts to development
as it occurs and to the varied recreational needs of the City 's
residents.' However, specific needs and desires differ from
neighborhood to neighborhood. In addition, the needs of future
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residents cannot be accurately projected. For these reasons , the
park development districts (see Open Space Map) were established.
The districts were selected based on present development
patterns, the selected park standards, and by using major streets
as access barriers . They are not permanent and may be adjusted
in the future if circumstances change. The purpose of the dis-
tricts is to provide service areas where the amount and types of
recreational facilities can be planned for and eventually provided
based upon the specific needs of the people residing there.
PARK SYSTEM CLASSIFICATIONS
1 . Pdini. Parks
2. Neighborhood Parks
3. Community Parks
4 . Large Urban Parks
5. Regional Parks
6. General Open Space (Preservation Oriented - may be combined)
A. Scenic. Pathways
B. Landscaped Areas
C. Natural Preserves
7. Water Oriented Sites
A. Fishing
B. Boating
C. Swimming
8. Special Use Areas
A. Play and Ball Fields
B. Courts (tennis, basketball)
C. Ranges (rifle, bow and arrow)
D. Swimming Pools
F. Trails
F. Sports Complex (two or more of the above)
G. Golf Courses
9. Cultural Facilities
10. Historic Sites
11 . Activity Centers
PARK STANDARDS
In the following component standards the words Shall, and
Should are used to denote a minimum desirable level of facilities
that shall. be provided, and an additional level that should be
provided, if possible. The size and population figures act as -
a guide, but each park should reflect, in its size and design,
the relationship between people, space and .facilities the site
is intended to offer.
The size and acres per 1000 population figures are set at
an average desirable level for each component . The overall de-
sirable level set by these standards is 10 acres per 1000 people
which is approximately the present level provided within the
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City. In combination, these standards constitute an ideal. park
system.
Basic Assumptions:
1. The Ideal hark System is intended to serve as a guide
and will be used to evaluate decisions on the ongoing process
of parks development, It will also serve as the basis for es-
tablishing a systems development program.
2. Due to economic constraints or population characteristics
the Ideal may never be reached. However, policy decisions should
be based on priorities that are economically feasible, but also
directed toward the established Ideal System.
3. The assumptions, data, criteria and policies should be
periodically reviewed to account for changes in circumstance.
The park acreage standards are set for lands available to
the general public, and owned or otherwise controlled by the City
or a cooperating public agency. They do not include:
1. Public school property (not available for active recre-
ation) .
2. Special areas (pathways, cemetaries, golf courses, etc. ) .
3. Private or voluntary agency lands and facilities.
4. Vacant undeveloped land not under ownership or control
of the City.
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PARK AND OPEN SPACE STANDARDS
1. MINI PARKS
Purpose: To supply a minimum of park land to serve as a
"Back Yard" for isolated areas or where density,
lot size, and/or income conditions deny availa-
bility of such facilities; or where access to
neighborhood parks is restricted; or to provide
landscaped sitting areas in the commercial core
of the city.
Size: 2500 sq . ft . to 1 acre
Acres/
People: 1 acre/1000 people
Service
Area: 1/4 mile radius
Location: Determined by need
Facilities/
Activities: Play equipment, hard surface for wheeled toys,
sand area, benches and tables and trash recep-
ticals shall be provided. Benches, vegetation,
and trash recepticals shall be provided in com-
mercial area parks.
2 . NEIGHBORHOOD PARKS
Purpose: To serve as the neighborhood center for active
and passive recreation.
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Size: 2 to 5 acres
Acres/
People: 2 acres/1000 people r
Service
Area: 1/2 mile radius
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Location: Should be centrally located and away from major
thoroughfares. Easy visibility and access from
surrounding residents and public right-of-way
should be considered.
Facilities/ j
Activities: Should be individually designed but shall pro-
vide open play areas, picnic area, drinking
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4 fountains, and trash recepticals. Consideration
should be given to provision of playground facil-
ities, natural areas, fencing, lighting, irriga-
tion and ease of maintenance. Additional facil-
ities should be based on the recommendations of
neighborhood residents and the City Park Board,
3. COMMUNITY PARKS
Purpose: To provide facilities which generally cannot be
provided at the neighborhood level . To supple-
ment facilities provided by junior and senior
high schools and provide close at hand recrea-
tional space.
Size: 10 to 20 acres
Acres/
People : 2 .5 acres/1000 people
Service
Area: 2 to 3 neighborhoods, 1 to 1.5 mile radius .
Location: Should be central to the neighborhoods to be
served and have direct access to major transpor-
tation thoroughfares and bike paths.
Facilities/
Activities: Should be individually designed and shall pro-
vide ball fields, tennis courts, multi-use paved
areas (basketball , volleyball) , picnic areas
and cooking facilities, open play areas, trails,
restrooms, irrigation, trash `recepticals, fencing,
lighting, off-street parking, and an internal
road system to allow for police surveillance.
Should provide shelters, natural areas, and acti-
vity centers. Facilities available through ad- '
Jacent schools will be included as part of the
-site requirements.
4. LARGE URBAN PARK
Purpose: To provide the residents of the greater commun-
ity with an opportunity to get away from the
noise and congestion of the city without travel-
ing a great distance. To provide large areas
for diverse activities encompassing passive and
intensive uses.
Size 50 to 150 acres
Acres/
People: 5 acres/1000 people
Service
Area: 5 mile radius
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Location : Should be easily accessible by auto or transit .
Ideally located with access for water activi -
ties. Local pedestrian/bike access shall be
provided .
Facilities/
Activities: A large urban pari, shall provide regulation ball
fields, picnic areas and cooking facilities ,
large open play areas, drinking fountains , rest-
rooms, trails, trash receptical.s , internal road
system, off-street parking, landscaped areas,
and irrigation . It should provide tennis courts ,
shelters , and natural areas.
5. REGIONAL PARKS
Purpose : To provide urban residents with an opportunity
to get away from the noise and congestion of
the city without having to travel great distance .
To provide a large natural state area.
Size: 500 to several thousand acres
Acres/
People: 15 acres/1000 minimum people
Service
Area: An area which may cross county boundaries
Location : Dependent on available resources . Ideally ad-
jacent to a lake or river.
Facilities/
Activities : Campgrounds, plCn4C and day use areas, natural
areas, trails, restrooms, and parking shall be
provided. Water-oriented activities should be
provided. Extensive development may also be
included (sports complex or coliseum) .
6. GENERAL OPEN SPACE
(Preservation Oriented - Subcategories may be combined)
Purpose: To encourage access and use of areas of natural.
and scenic beauty at a level that affords pro-
tection of the various amenities of the area
and provides a base for community identity .
Size: Community-wide overall ; individual components
variable as appropriate.
Population
Served: Variable, generally intended to benefit the
entire community.
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A. Scenic Pathways:
Purpose: To provide linear areas of natural and man-made
beauty which will interconnect other members of
the park system, schools , and other public.
places. To provide for conservation of scenic
and natural areas, especially water courses and
areas subject to flooding. To provide buffer E:
areas along thoroughfares or between conflict-
ing land uses. To give a feeling of general
openness to the community.
Facilities/
Activities: Scenic ways shall provide trails or walkways
and trash recepticals. The land shall be re-
tained primarily in its natural. condition along
waterways and other areas of natural value.
In areas where development has occurred, land-
scaping and design controls shall be applied.
Additional landscaping should be provided along
these corridors. Rest areas should be provided.
L,.cation: Bordering waterways and areas subject to flood-
ing, along transportation and utility corridors.
B. Landscaped Areas
Purpose: To beautify areas not serving an actual park
function but that would add to an atmosphere
of open space.
Facilities
Activities: Facilities should be limited to walkways and
sitting areas trash recepticals should be pro-
vided.
Location: Along major transportation corridors and inter-
changes, commercial frontages, plazas, malls,
and parking lots.
C Natural Preserves:
Purpose: To preserve unique resources and to make natural
values available for public education and en-
joyment through visual contact or an on-site
experience.
Facilities/
Activities: Natural preserve facilities shall include those
to protect and, enhance the site, such as pro
tective fencing or guardrails, elevated walks,,
trash recepticals, and landscaping. Compatible
activities would include walking, viewing, and
nature study.
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Location: Dependent on available resources. j
7. WATER-ORIENTED SITES
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Purpose: To encourage access to and use of waterways ,
Sites may exist as individuals or as part of a }
multi-use park. 1
Facilities/
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Activities: Appropriate uses would be swimming, boating, and
fishing. Fishing access shall include trails
and trash recepticals , if appropriate. Improve-
ments shall include docks , rafts, parking, and
trash recepticals.
Location : Dependent on available resources.
8. SPECIAL USE AREAS
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Purpose: To
p provide areas and facilities for activities
usually requiring special facilities (e.g. , j
courts and playfields) . These special facili-
ties generally restrict other uses on the same
site. They can be supplied individually or in
complexes incorporating two or more of the uses
in this category and should be constructed at a
park site
Facilities/
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Activities: Depends on opportunity pportunity being provided. For �.
complexes, restrooms, and trash recepticals
shall be provided. For playfields, ballfields,
and goli courses, irrigation and trash recepti-
cals shall be provided. Facilities such as ri-
fle ranges are not likely to be provided within }
the community; however, programs should be pro-
vided to use facilities elsewhere. Parking
shall be provided. Bleachers and lighting
should be provided when appropriate
Size: Depends on facility being provided and whether t�
it is a complex or single facility. Courts and {
fields shall be regulation size for intended
use.
Service
Area: Depends on activity and type of facility (e.g. , +'
complex or single) and the type of park it is
located in .
9. CULTURAL FACILITIES
Purpose: To provide a place in the community for formal
or informal public gathering that will allow
for increased cultural enrichment . {
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Facilities/
Activities: Cultural facilities may include plazas, malls,
small parks, fountains, open-air/indoor thea-
ters, and a library and meeting hall complex,
Trash recepticals and benches shall be provided.
For landscaped areas irrigation shall be pro-
vided, Larger facilities shall provide off-
street parking.
Location: Depends on facility being provided. Malls and
plazas should be placed in the commercial core
or well developed areas. Larger facilities
should be located away from congestion; a plaza
can be incorporated into a larger facility or
complex. Should serve the entire community .
10. HISTORIC SITES:
Purpose: To identify and preserve local historic sites
and structures for enjoyment and education of
present and future generations.
Facilities/
Activities: Historic sites shall be developed or incorpora-
ted in a development in a way that preserves
the integrity of the site or structure. Inter-
pretive signs and trash recepticals shall be
provided. Parking, trails, picnic facilities,
and protective fencing should be provided when
feasible.
Location: Dependent on available resources.
11. ACTIVITY CENTERS
Purpose: To provide indoor areas for gatherings of local
residents or special age groups of the city's
Population.
Facilities/
Activities: Could be for a specific age group (e.g. , senior
citizens or youths) or the entire community.
Centers shall provide meeting rooms, kitchen or
concessions, lounge, work rooms, restrooms,
trash recepticals, off-street parking, and
landscaped areas. Could be supplied in conjunc-
tion with a cultural center.
Location Should be easily accessible to all groups in-
tended to be served by the facility. Shall be
located with a direct access by auto, transit
or pathway.
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PARK DEVEL01IMENT POLI
CYES
POLICY 14. Individual park sites, as defined by the parks and open
space standards and classification system should be de-
veloped according to the following priorities:
A. Facilities within a park will be adjusted to meet the needs
and desires of the district residents and the characteristics
of the site. Park and/or recreational facilities in great-
est demand and least supply should receive the highest
development priorities.
B. Parks should be planned to insure maximum benefit to the
greatest number of local residents. For this reason,
acquisition and development of community level parks should
be given the highest priority.
C. Development of additional neighborhood parks will have a
lower priority for public funding and are encouraged to be
provided by the private rector within planned unit develop-
ments.
D. Mini parks have the lowest development priority and should
be supplied at public expense only if an area is determined
to be isolated from access to other parks, or where space
is extremely limited.
E. Provision of regional park facilities will only be considered
as an interjurisdictiona project; and should have a low
priority unless unusual circumstances arise.
F. Cook Park should be considered a Zarge.urban park and
should be fulZy developed before consideration is given to
another facility of this classification. The expansion of
this park will be a high priority.
G. Acceptance of any land dedicated for park purposes shall
be based upon its usefulness and adaptability to the adopted
park and open space system.
POLICY 15. New developments shall be responsible for funding their share
of new parks, based on an established acreage standard. The
City shall, however, seek additional funds through public
sources such as special levies and grants.
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POLICY 16. Developers shall be given a choice of optional ways to
provide open space based on the established park acreage
standard. They can either;
Z. Contribute to the systems development fund in proportion
to the established park acreage standard.
2. Develop a portion of an existing park equivalent to
the park acreage standard for their project.
3. Develop a new park on site subject to the approval of
the City.
Density bonuses should also be considered for open space
provided, which exceeds the park acreage requirements; but
shall be granted according to the standards established by the
separate neighborhood plans.
COMMUNITY SCHOOLS
Tigard School District 23J owns large tracts of land with-
in the plan area, some of which are slated for future develop-
ment to meet increased demands. Schools are public facilities,
and their buildings consume considerably less than the total
acreage avaii.able. They also provide many recreational facilit-
ies such as gymnasiums, tennis courts, etc. For these reasons,
they are an obvious source of additonal open space and rec-
recational opportunity.
POLICY 17. The City shall work toward establishement of a cooperative
arrangement with the school districts (community schools
program) to ensure provision of adequate year -round rec-
reational programs and facilities, and to eliminate un-
necessary overlap of facilities.
Beyond having an adequate supply of land available, there
is a necessity for continual parks planning and development
as the demands for space increase. In conjunction with providing
facilities there is mounting pressure for the provision of
year round recreational activities. Unfortunately, the present
city staff does not have time to devote to park development
and recreational program planning. Therefore, it is important
that adequate staffing be provided to assist the Park Board in
the task of coordinating the planning and development of the
City's Park and Recreation program. This is a continuing and
complex assignment which should not be entrusted to a volunteer
appointed body without qualified staff assistance.
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PEDESTRIAN/BICYCLE PATHWAYS
One of the most important factors to a successful park
system is safe and convenient access to the various park sites,
The City currently has a Pedestrian/Bikepath Plan (adopted in
1974) but path construction has been slow and seriously under-
funded. This plan reemphasizes the need for the paths and
recommends the system be provided in the following manner.
POLICY 18. Safe and convenient pedestrian/bike routes shall be pro-
vided throughout the community. All major street con-
struction or improvements shall be coordinated with the
community pedestrian/bicycle path plan and facilities
provided.
POLICY 20. The City should budget an adequate portion of public works
or general account monies for path construction each
budgeting year and seek additional funds through grants,
special levies and other sources.
POLICY 21 . When land is developed and includes a designated pesestrian/
bicycZe path route, easements shall be granted to the City.
In cases where development increases the need for the path, `
construction should also be required. When development
occurs that is not on a designated Bikepath route, but in-
creases the need for a path, a contribution to a special
bikepath construction fund should be sought.
POLICY 22. In areas where a path is routed through or ai�jacent to a
residential area, the path and/or the buildings in the
area should be situated in a manner to provide natural
surveillance of the path. The number of entry points to
the path should also be limited in these areas,
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In addition, It is recommended that a pathway and bridge be
constructed allowing the linkage of Cook Park to Tualatin Park
in the City of Tualatin. This would conform to the parks
plan prepared by the City of Tualatin. It would also increase
the potential for state and/or federal funding of such a
project.
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RECOMMENDED IMPLEMENTATION MEASURES
The most important element of this plan is a reasonable and
effective method of implementation. It is not uncommon for well
intended park and open space plans to be relegated to collecting
dust on a shelf due to a lack of sound proposals for land acqui-
sition and development. In addition , plans proposing strong im-
plementation devices can fail in public hearings or as a result
of court challenges because they may be judged inequitable and/or
arbitrary in their manner of collecting fees and distributing
benefits.
The major problems identified in other systems which have
failed in court or through administration are:
1 . No reasonable/direct connection between where money is
spent and where it is collected; no benefit to those who
pay-
2. Arbitrary site selection after money is collected.
3. Lack of equitable participation in payments, especially
dealing with multi-family units versus single family and
arbitrary level of fee accessed.
4. Legal challenges due to excessive front-end costs to
developers.
5. Lack of administrative methods to insure park sites are
preserved and charges are collected.
6 . An additional problem Tigard has to face is the City/
County jurisdictional split .
GREENWAY/PATH SYSTEM
In addition to park land, this plan continues to support the
greenway concept as a means of providing open space and protect-
ing the natural drainage system. It establishes the greenway as
the hub of the open space system. The greenway was originally
proposed in the 1971 Community Plan which established Fanno Creek
and its major tributaries as a source of linear open space. It
also proposed that the greenway system serve as a route for pe-
destrian/ bicycle travel . In 1974 the City adopted the Pedestrian
Bicycle Patn Plan . The plan specified which portions of the green-
way should function as actual pathways. The 1974 plan calls for
paths along:
1 . The entire lenght of Fanno Creek within the plan area,
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2. Summer Creek from Tiedeman to S.W. 135th ,
3. The watercourse that flows from Bull Mountain through
Jack Park to Summer Creek , and
4. The watercourse that flows through the Genesis, Path-
finder area to S .W. Walnut Street .
Retaining the natural drainage system in its natural state
will save the public many times the cost of a piped drainage sys-
tem. At the same time, the areas listed above, as pathways , pro-
vide excellent opportunity for passive recreation and pedestrian/
bike travel . Because this system will benefit all local residen-
tial properties, financing of its acquisition and development
should come from all residential properties in the Plan Area .
Each new residential development should, therefore , share in
maintaining the existing natural drainage, system and also the re-
sponsibility to provide public access to and through the areas in-
dicated as pathways. However, not every developable parcel con-
tains flood plain property , and, for this reason, seeking green-
way dedication from only those properties adjacent to a water
course would not be reasonable. This plan , therefore, sets out a
system whereby all land development would share in the financial
responsibility of protecting the natural drainage system.
GREENWAY ACQUISITION AND DEVELOPMENT
It is proposed that the following financing method be estab-
lished for the development of the greenway system. At the time
of final plat approval of residential developments, a fair share
fee will be assessed ($/acre) for development of the drainage and
pathway system. The fair share formula would be as follows:
A =. P/D A = Fair Share Assessment
P = Total Cost of Proposed Green-
way Path System (see Techni-
cal Report)
D = Total Acres of Buildable Res-
idential Land (see Technical
Report)
Developments with portions of their property in the flood
plain or a designated drainage/pathway may dedicate land and pro-
vide a portion of the pathway in lieu of the assessment. If more
than the fair share is dedicated, the developer will be reimbursed
for the excess. If less is dedicated, then a partial fee will
be assessed.
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This formula will ensure equal participation in greenway ac-
quisition and development. It does not , however, provide suffi-
cient funds for maintenance of the pathway system.
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These funds can be provided by assessing a fee on all resi-
dents, The assessment to be designated as a public utility fee
for maintaining the storm drainage/pathway system. The fee could
be attached to the water bill to insure full participation in fi-
nancing. This will , of course, be dependent upon satisfactory ar-
rangements with the local water districts.
PARK LAND ACQUISITION PROGRAM
The acquisition and development of parks and recreational k
facilities will be funded by a System Development Charge which
will be assessed on each new residential unit . The charge will be
assessed at the time of issuance of the building permit. Dedica-
tion of land may be accepted in lieu of the fee provided that it
meets the standards set in the plan for park sites and is approved
by the Park Board.
The formula and procedures will be as follows:
1. Establish two park service districts using Pacific High-
wayas the boundary and assign an account to each dis-
trict. Money received will be spent in the district it
is collected from.
2. Identify a specific (most desirable) park site. Each
site sized according to the standards set in the Plan.
The location of each site will be determined by develop- ?
ment patterns and the desires of the residents within the
specific park district. I
3. Establish an assessment based on the acres/population
standard set in the plan (1 acre/100) and the average
sale value of residential land in the Plan Area (updated
annually) . The charge per unit will be based on the ave-
rage
ve rage people per unit ratio (census tract data, updated
annually) . Dedications of the land will be considered in
lieu of the fee.
4. Administrative procedures will be established to ensure
collection of the system development charge at the time
of issuance of each building permit for a dwelling unit
and that no unsatisfactory land is accepted, through dedi-
cation , in lieu of the fee.
5. Arrangements should be made with the County for the col-
lection of the system development charge in the unincor-
porated portions of the Plan area.
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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT CHARGE FORMULA
A x P x $ = S A = Park Acreage Standard
*P = Average # of People per Unit
**$ = Average Sale Price of Residen-
tial Land
S = System Charge
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* Certified by PSU Center for population research.
** 'Estimated by Washington County 's Office of Assessment and Tax-
ation.
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