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Plans 9 1 w 923 - 0 -t- / `r-0 • 5 IT' - -oo ( WCG/ West Coast Geotech, Inc. GEOTECHNICAL CONSULTANTS April 19, 1999 W -1431 The Keicher Company 19363 Willamette Drive, Suite 509 West Linn, Oregon 97068 Attn: Mr. Brian Keicher Project Manager GEOTECHNICAL/LIMITED LIQUEFACTION STUDY BENNETT PORTER & ASSOCIATES OFFICE BUILDING TIGARD, OREGON Gentlemen: • In general accordance with our proposal of March 22, 1999, and Mr. Porter's authorization of March 30, West Coast Geotech, Inc., has completed a geotechnical/limited liquefaction study for the above - referenced project that will be located west of SW 69th approximately north of SW Gonzaga Street extension. This report provides a summary of our field and laboratory programs and presents our recommendations for foundation design and grading operations. The results from a limited Liquefaction Study are also included in this report. This limited report was prepared for your use in the design of the subject facility and should be made available to potential contractors for information on factual data only, i.e., field test boring logs and samples, if any are taken. This report should not be used for contractual purposes as a warranty of interpreted subsurface conditions such as those indicated by the formal test boring Togs and /or discussion of subsurface conditions contained herein. PROJECT AND SITE DESCRIPTIONS One single -story, structural brick building (5,000 square feet, in plan area, with concrete slab -on- grade floor) is planned for this property. The project will also include isolated, interior pipe columns to support a trussed roof system. We anticipate that the loads will be relatively light, say; 50 kips total for isolated columns, 2 to 4 kips per lineal foot for continuous wall type footings. P.O. Box 388 West Linn, Oregon 97068 503/655 -2347 FAX 503/655 -0642 Bennett Porter Office Building April 19, 1999 Page 2 The building site will be located on the south side of the property in an area that contains small deciduous trees and intermediate brush. The ground topography is relatively low at the building site and appears to pond collected surface water. FIELD EXPLORATIONS AND LABORATORY TESTING The field exploration program consisted of two borings at their approximate locations shown on the Boring Location Plan, Figure 1, which was taken from a preliminary site plan that you provided for our use. The borings, designated B -1 and B -2, was drilled to auger refusal depths that varied from 15 to 18 feet beneath current ground surface on March 29, 1999, using a trailer mounted, 4 -inch solid stem auger (Versadrill 2400) provided by VanDeHey Soil Sampling of Forest Grove, Oregon. Samples were obtained at 2.5- to 5 -foot depth intervals at the boreholes. Sampling was accomplished using a standard 2 -inch O.D. split -spoon sampler, and Standard Penetration testing was performed in conjunction with the disturbed split -spoon sampling to measure in situ relative density and consistency. A West Coast Geotech, Inc., Technician, under the direct supervision of our Engineer, was present on the site throughout the explorations to collect representative samples and prepare descriptive field logs. Summary boring logs are presented in Figures 2 and 3. Soil descriptions and interfaces on the logs are interpretive, and actual changes may be gradual. All samples were visually examined in our laboratory to refine the field classifications. Based on our experience in the vicinity, no strength or consolidation tests were considered to be necessary for this project. SUBSURFACE INTERPRETATION The analyses, conclusions and recommendations contained in this report are based on site conditions as they presently exist and assume the exploratory borings are representative of the subsurface conditions throughout the site. If, during construction, subsurface conditions different from those encountered in the exploratory borings are observed or appear to be present beneath excavations, we should be advised at once so that we may review these conditions and reconsider our recommendations where necessary. Bennett Porter Office Building April 19, 1999 Page 3 The field exploration disclosed native subsurface soils at the borings that generally consist of a medium stiff becoming more stiff with depth, brown mottled, moist clayey silt containning a trace of fine sand of low to medium plasticity to an approximate depth of 11.5 to 15 feet below current ground surface. Standard Penetration Test (SPT) blowcounts generally vary from 6 to 13 blows per foot (bpf). As evidenced by Boring B -2, the clayey silt layer generally overlies a 6 -1/2 -foot thick layer of stiff to very stiff, brown to brown mottled, moist sandy clay of medium plasticity. The bottom of this sandy clay layer appears to terminate on rock. These soils, as described, would probably be classified as belonging to the geological formation that is known as "Undifferentiated Valley Alluvium ". At an approximate depth of 15 to 18 feet beneath current ground surface, the subsurface condition consists of stiff' to hard, weathered basalt that we believe should possibly be classified as "Boring Lava Formation ". This basalt appeared to be fairly decomposed; although, auger refusal was encountered in both borings. The topsoil layer is anticipated to be about 18 inches thick, more or less. In the south area where the building site will be located and where surface water appears to pond, we believe that there will be a soft, saturated clayey silt that underlies the topsoil layer that will vary, in thickness, from 8 to 12 inches thick, more or less. It is possible that this soft, saturated clay layer is present beneath pavement areas as well. This underlying saturated clayey silt will not sustain a truck in proof - rolling in wet times of the year. In summer, if the layer is allowed time to dry and recompact or "crust over ", it might be possible to allow this soft clayey silt layer to remain in place provided the layer has successfully passed a proof -roll test with a loaded dump truck. In all liklihood, the soft clayey silt layer will probably be removed from building and pavement areas. Groundwater seepage was observed in the borings on March 29, 1999, at an approximate depth of 4 feet below current ground surface. Groundwater will vary with time and season, and should be anticipated at the highest level during winter and early spring when intense rainstorms are common and at the lowest level in late summer or early fall when such rainstorms are more infrequent. Bennett Porter Office Building April 19, 1999 Page 4 GEOTECHNICAL DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS Foundation Design General. Based on our understanding of the project and the results of the field exploration and laboratory testing program, it is our opinion that the proposed structures can be supported by spread footings located on the native clayey silt layers that are present beneath existing topsoils, soft, saturated clayey silt just under the topsoil layer, existing fill and existing pavement sections, if any are observed to be present after the footing excavations are completed. For footings founded on the native inorganic firm clayey silt soil layer as observed during our field exploration program and as described in the previous paragraph, we recommend an allowable bearing pressure of 1,500 pounds per square foot (psf). When sizing footings for seismic considerations, the allowable bearing pressure may be increased by 30 percent. Based on our review of the 1996 Uniform Building Code, the building site is currently in Zone 3. The Site Coefficient should be assumed to be S3. The Uniform Building Code/City of Tigard requirements may be used to determine the minimum footing widths and depths of embedment. Continuous wall footings are typically on the order of 12 to 18 inches for office building projects, and column footings typically have a minimum width of 18 to 24 inches. All perimeter footings should be founded at least 18 inches below the lowest adjacent grade which should be taken as the finished floor elevation or exterior grade, whichever is lower. Interior footings may be founded at least 12 inches below finished floor grade. Each footing excavation should be evaluated by a qualified Geotechnical Engineer to confirm suitable bearing conditions and to determine that all topsoil, loose materials, organics and unsuitable soil or non - engineered fill have been removed. If such unsuitable materials are encountered at footing locations, we recommend that the unsuitable material be removed. If you desire to raise the footing grade after excavation, the engineered fill should be placed according to our recommendations shown by Figure 4. Footing Settlement. Based on our knowledge of the project and our settlement analysis, total footing settlement is estimated to be, approximately, I inch, but probably less. Our settlement estimate assumes that no disturbance to the foundation soils will be permitted during excavation and construction and that the thick topsoil layer and the underlying soft, saturated clay layer have Bennett Porter Office Building April 19, 1999 Page 5 been completely removed from footing locations. Therefore, we recommend that a smooth - bucket trackhoe be used to excavate footings. Or, the final few inches should be removed with a hand shovel. Our settlement estimate also assumes that minimal engineered fill will be required to raise the site grade. Some fill to raise the site grade may be advantageous to reduce the risk of ponded surface water /shallow groundwater seepage. If the change in elevation is more than 2 to 3 feet, then we recommend that we be allowed to evaluate settlements caused by large, areal fill loadings. To evaluate differential settlements accurately, additional information is required such as footing location, footing size and a more precise breakdown of loading. However, differential settlements for similar projects are typically on the order of 1/2 to 1 -inch as long as all the adjacent, nearby footings bear on the same soil stratum near the same elevation. If the structure is considered to be relatively intolerable to total or differential settlements, then we recommend that we be allowed to review our settlement estimates when more precise information is available. Floor Slabs. All non - basement floor slabs -on- grade, if any are planned for this project, should be founded on a minimum 6 -inch layer of free - draining, well - graded sand and gravel or crushed rock with a maximum particle size of 1 -1/2 inches and containing not more than 5 percent passing the No. 200 sieve (based on a wet sieve analysis). We also recommend that a moisture vapor barrier be installed beneath the slab in heated areas, if any, as additional protection as well. All underslab granular materials should be compacted to a dry density of at least 98 percent of the standard Proctor maximum dry density (ASTM D698) or as approved by the Geotechnical Engineer. A concrete slab should also be provided for trash container areas and aprons, if any. All concrete slabs and aprons should be designed assuming an effective modulus of subgrade reaction, k, of 125 pounds per square inch per inch for the silt subgrade soils typical to the site. This recommendations also assumes that a 6 -inch layer of compacted aggregate base is placed beneath the concrete slab. Retaining/Basement Walls. At the present time, small cantilever retaining walls and/or below - grade basement walls do not appear to be present in this project. If, later in the design, such structures are to be included into the project, we recommend that we be allowed to review the situation and provide you with geotechnical design recommendations at that time in the design. Bennett Porter Office Building April 19, 1999 Page 6 Drainage. Groundwater is not anticipated to be a significant Tong -term design consideration for this project unless the elevation of the slab area, if any below -grade or at -grade slabs are planned for this project, results in a significant cut excavation. For such a situation, we recommend that we be allowed to evaluate the need for slab underdrains. Of course, if the site is raised a few feet than drainage becomes a less critical issue. The Landscaper may also desire to evaluate drainage considerations outside of the building that may cause a continually wet condition. Grading Operations Subgrade Preparation. The subgrade preparation should include the stripping and removal of all surficial organic and/or unsuitable soft soil (sod and topsoil and probably the soft, wet clayey silt layer just beneath the topsoil layer) and unsuitable non - engineered fill, if any is found, as well as existing debris from the demolition of existing buildings/pavements from all new building and pavement areas as determined by a qualified representative of the Owner (preferably, the Geotechnical Engineer). The removal of trees/stumps will likely cause soft holes in the subgrade. Any soft or disturbed areas that are observed to be present, preferably by the Geotechnical Engineer, should be removed and backfilled with engineered fill. The actual amount of material to be excavated may need to be determined in the field, and we recommend that the specifications include a unit cost bid item for any over excavation normally required beyond that excavation required to be conducted by the Contractor in fulfillment of the Contract. Construction operations may need to be modified to minimize site disturbance especially during wet weather conditions when soil moistures are above optimum moisture content or in deeper excavations where saturated soils are encountered such that pumping or rutting of the subgrade is observed by the Owner's representative. Any disturbed soil shall either be compacted to acceptable standards or removed and replaced with engineered fill. Due to the nature of the underlying surficial clayey silt soils, we recommend that the site work be conducted during the normal summer /early fall construction season when extended periods of dry, warm weather is normally common. Site work during the winter or early spring season or during extended periods of wet weather will likely require a workpad to protect the clayey silt subsurface soils from becoming soft and disturbed by pumping. Because of the presence of ponded water, the clayey silt subgrade will probably need to be protected throughout the year. We recommend that all construction traffic travel on a workpad Bennett Porter Office Building April 19, 1999 Page 7 and that the Excavator choose to excavate with a smooth - bucket trackhoe instead of dozers/scrappers. Engineered Fill. We recommend that a clean (not more than 5 percent passing the No. 200 sieve based on a wet sieve analysis) reasonably well - graded granular material such as a sand and gravel or crushed rock be used for engineered fill for the following situations: o beneath all footings, o during the wet periods when there is insufficient time or dry, hot weather to dry the soil moisture to optimum moisture content, o when excess moisture that is present in the subgrade is observed to be migrating to the fill layer during compaction such that pumping is observed by the Owner's representative or specified compaction levels cannot be achieved using on -site soils. The gradation of the any granular import material selected by the Contractor should be checked to determine its compatibility for use adjacent to on -site soils. The maximum particle size of the granular engineered fill should not exceed 1-1/2 inches for testing purposes. We also recommend that the Contractor submit, for approval, samples of fill material intended for use as engineered fill prior to earthwork construction. Engineered fills should be placed in about 9 to 12 -inch loose lifts for areas that are compacted with large self - propelled rollers, and should be compacted to a dry density of at least 98 percent of the standard Proctor maximum dry density (ASTM D698) within the proposed building and pavement areas, if any, or as approved by the Geotechnical Engineer. Lift sizes for small vibrating plates typically used in trenches vary from 4 to 6 inches. The size of the lifts and the number of passes of the compactor may need to be modified by the Contractor to achieve the desired results using the equipment selected. The engineered fill should be placed in horizontal lifts commencing on a relatively level subgrade surface. Dewatering. The Contractor should control any water, if any, in a manner that will not affect excavation or fill construction. The surficial clayey silt may slough into any trench excavation especially when wet. The Contractor should excavate in such a manner that nearby footings, slabs, utilities and existing pavements designated to remain are not undermined by potential sloughing. Water should not be allowed to pond in the bottoms of the footings. Exposed subgrade or fill softened by ponded water should be removed and replaced with engineered fill. Bennett Porter Office Building April 19, 1999 Page 8 Cut and Fill Slopes. All permanent cut and fill slopes, if any, should be groomed to slopes no steeper than 2 Horizontal (H): 1 Vertical (V) for stability purposes. Flatter slopes may be necessary for ground cover and maintenance operations. Because of safety considerations and the nature of temporary excavations, the Contractor should be responsible for maintaining safe cut excavations and supports. We recommend that the Contractor incorporate all pertinent safety codes during construction including the latest edition of the OR -OSHA Standards for Construction Industry (Type C Soil). This classification should be verified during excavation by a "competent person" as defined by OR -OSHA. Underground Fuel Tanks. Underground fuel tanks, if any are known to be present or are found during excavation, should be removed in accordance with Oregon Department of Environmental Quality requirements and backfilled with engineered fill. LIMITED LIQUEFACTION STUDY We understand that the City of Tigard does require an opinion concerning liquefaction for this project. Groundwater was observed at an approximate depth of 4 feet below current ground surface in wet, winter conditions. The predominate soils at the groundwater table (or below) generally consist of stiff clayey silts (with SPT values ranging from 11 to 13 blows per foot below a depth of 4 feet) and weathered basalt which are not determined to be highly susceptible to liquefaction. The clayey silts in this area, also generally have more than 15% clay fraction which is generally regarded as the level in which liquefaction is usually precluded by the finer fraction present in the soil. A more in -depth liquefaction study (using SHAKE91 Computer Program to identify the ground /subsurface motions for three typical area earthquakes and Seed's Simple Analysis) is not needed, in our opinion. We assume that this information is sufficient to meet the City's requirement. If a more in -depth analysis is still required or if the City requests a more detailed Seismic Hazard Study other than an Engineer's opinion rendered herein about the potential for liquefaction, we recommend that we be allowed to respond accordingly. Bennett Porter Office Building April 19, 1999 Page 9 We have reviewed available geologic information to determine the presence of active faults, if any. Based on our review of Earthquake - Hazard Geology Maps of the Portland Metropolitan Area (Report 0- 90 -2), no active faults appear present on the property. A SE/NW trending "inferred fault" does appear to have been mapped by geologists about 1/2 mile north of the project site. Please bear in mind, that inferred faults do not necessarily mean that the faults are active nor does it necessarily indicate that the faults are inactive. Finding faults and determining their activity is a very complex and expensive exercise that is not funded by private sector clients. Normally, finding evidence of such faults in the Tualatin Valley (that has been filled in over time with Undifferentiated Valley Alluvium) can only be conducted on a regional/state/federal funded basis or, possibly, as a Geologic Study conducted by an Oil Company. Hence, as more in -depth geologic studies are conducted, evidence of more faults (inferred or active) may be discovered. LIMITATIONS In reviewing this report, be advised that the Local Governing Agency may require additional geotechnical or other studies in order to approve the development as part of the planning approval process. Our Geotechnical Report(s) does not guarantee that the development will be approved by the Local Governing Agency without additional studies being performed. Expenses incurred in reliance upon our Report(s) prior to final approval of the Local Governing Agency are the exclusive responsibility of the Developer. In no event shall West Coast Geotech, Inc., be responsible for any delays in approval which are not exclusively caused by West Coast Geotech, Inc.. It is recommended that close quality control be exercised during the preparation and construction of building foundations and pavement sections. Fills and new asphalt pavement and base sections should be monitored and tested by a qualified representative of the Owner. In addition, we also advise that the subgrade preparation and the footing excavations be inspected by the Geotechnical Engineer. If there is a substantial lapse of time between the submission of this report and the start of work at the site, if conditions have changed due to natural causes of construction operations at or adjacent to the site, or if the basic project scheme is significantly modified from that assumed, it is recommended that this report be reviewed to determine the applicability of the conclusions and recommendations considering the changed conditions and time lapse. Bennett Porter Office Building April 19, 1999 Page 10 Oregon seismicity and the standards used to evaluate ground response is receiving closer attention in recent years, and, our understanding of these events as a profession is increasing as regional studies increase. This report is prepared for your use and is based upon the information/methods that is currently available. As our understanding of these events increases, our profession will further refine our procedures/methods. Unanticipated soil conditions are commonly encountered and cannot be fully determined by merely taking soil samples or drilling test borings. Such unexpected conditions frequently require that additional expenditures be made to attain a properly constructed project. Therefore, a contingency fund is recommended to accommodate such potential extra cost. Very truly yours, WEST COAST GEOTECH, INC. y �1 44' ,l 14278 4 Ns., By ti 9cat Michael F. Schrieber, P.E. President Geotechnical Engineer et F. erA B:W1431.DOC 3. -c 2:. Les I _. • _—. --- .. -. - -1• -7i* - i:- 6i - '- -, -- -- - 1 - - - -- -is. Z ,.., • I ;. I( I . I . 1 I . I u I . . . 4. as 7- , ,,... , I' h - • I • ' . NOT TO SCALE • 1 1 1 c `, li -� ' - - p i Notes: i' I I . 1 I.'•, 1 I' ti Boring Location Sketch taken, in part, from • i i I i I Preliminary Site Plan provided for our use T I ;: V r::::...i•..7 ` .. I �' ' m • _ gy II . ! tJ _ � I �a i.? CY/ � I �� I I I 3 Q 1i a; _ . 13-2 i , • us N I ' 1 I I w I I 1 u; , - - -- a j$, I f--..-.:1 , W - 9 1 LEGEND ` h W h iii • B - 1 in 1 B -1 • BORING NUMBER AND in ° i }q I I 1 APPROXIMATE LOCATION 1 P Isi I • �, BENNETT PORTER BUILDING ' C i Tigard, Oregon i , EST BORING il � . ; i:: • --- LOCATION SKETCH •-. ,ft (- 11815 V9VIN09 aM'S _ t ,, j. i Apr., 1999 W -1431 tea: -�t- F • I . • I '. i, I WEST COAST GEOTECH, INC. Geotechnicat Consultants FIG. 1 West Linn, Oregon SOIL DESCRIPTION — ° _ STANDARD PENETRATION RESISTANCE _ In ID d W '-' < °- W `" 1140 LB. WEIGHT, 30 -IN. DROP) 04 ^ n:3 o S. Elevation- N.A. (Topsoil not measured) r ❑ BLOWS PER FOOT CLAYEY SILT - Medium stiff becoming more stiff with depth, brown mottled, . . '" ' trace of fine sand, low to medium - - - -. ..--- `--- -` - - -- ----•----`----`--- -` - - -- plasticity, moist --- F-- _- F--- _F_-- -E - - -- - -- i F F 3 I , , • • 1 ■ CN I al 6 11: N \ N) ....[__.:11 1 -..i.-__F..._ ----i--__F_---F___-i I -- -- - --- - - - -- ---- 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1 I 1.! : I N _4_4_1_ . ...4_4_4_4_... ---- _-- 'r---- _- -F - - -- ---- F_- -_F - -_ :___E _4 - - F- _ _4_4_4_ ' 15 15 1 1 : WEATHERED BASALT (POSSIBLE BORING to + : ____;<ia_.uc_:3L__1 /_2;in.____ LAVA FORMATION) - Stiff to hard, gray to I brown, decomposed, somewhat fractured F __ --h---- - ---- - ---- ----h---_i---_F_---F---- Auger Refusal - _- -F---- E-_---- __-F -_-- ----F_--_i----F----i---- 18 BOTTOM OF BORING (COMPLETED 3129/99) --- - -- ; - - -- - - - -F -- - - -- r--- -: NOTES: 0 25 5. 1. SOIL DESCRIPTIONS AND INTERFACES ARE INTERPRETIVE AND 0 WATER CONTENT IN PERCENT ACTUAL CHANGES MAY BE GRADUAL. 2. WATER LEVEL IS FOR DATE SHOWN AND MAY VARY WITH TIME OF BENNETT PORTER OFFICE YEAR. LEGEND Tigard, Oregon 2.0" O.D. SPLIT SPOON SAMPLE IMPERVIOUS SEAL a 3.0" O.D. THIN -WALL SAMPLE WATER LEVEL LOG OF BORING B -1 • SAMPLE NOT RECOVERED SLOTTED TIP P SAMPLE PUSHED ATTERBERG LIMITS Apr., 1999 W -1431 LIQUID LIMIT USC UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION WEST COAST GEOTECH, INC. 1 -1: —{ NATURAL WATER Geotechnical Consultants FIG. 2 PLASTIC LIMIT West Linn, Oregon SOIL DESCRIPTION - STANDARD PENETRATION RESISTANCE E. — 6. — 0-•- , ."-- 1-.., .... Cl_ L ., — , C .1 L....1 L ,_ (140 LB. WEIGHT, 30-IN. DROP) 1-, L., '-' ,._ c=. ,c_.,i 3 L. 0 BLOWS PER FOOT S. Elevation- N.A. (Topsoil not measured) o , 5 50 — . . . :- :. ..- :. - ___ ---- :. .,- :. • CLAYEY SILT - Medium stiff becoming more stiff with depth, brown mottled, trace of fine sand, low to medium .___f_i___F...i.... ___i___4....F...4.... plasticity, moist 3 . . ; ; I I in i cn g_ . i .. i . . . 0) ,... 1 cr) , . --,.. I I CT) 6 i i i i I i i -„. ro .....i.. 4.....i...._i____ __F....F....F...1_ I I 11: (/) 9 i I i i ii ii 6 6 1 I '"- • i ... i I i i I ; "Zt I ' II " . (/) - - 11.5 - SANDY CLAY - Stiff to very stiff, brown to 12 brown mottled, medium plasticity, moist .---- ...... __i____i____• --4 -------- ---4-4.4- --i---- ----1.----i----1.----[---- .15 - i i I i I I i i 0 --- .. r r I! : : : ____[____F___[____[____ ____F____ :_..i____ 18 to I , , 18 t ; ; • , .- •- ; ; WEATHERED BASALT (POSSIBLE BORING „ ________ . . LAVA FORMATION) - Stiff to hard, gray to brown, decomposed, somewhat fractured Auger Refusal ---------------------------- BOTTOM OF BORING (COMPLETED 3/29/99) 0 25 50 NOTES: 1. SOIL DESCRIPTIONS AND INTERFACES ARE INTERPRETIVE AND 0 WATER CONTENT IN PERCENT ACTUAL CHANGES MAY BE GRADUAL. 2. WATER YEAR. LEVEL IS FOR DATE SHOWN AND MAY VARY WITH TIME OF BENNETT PORTER OFFICE Tigard, Oregon LEGEND 2.0" O.D. SPLIT SPOON SAMPLE IMPERVIOUS SEAL v LOG OF BORING B-2 t 3.0" O.D. THIN-WALL SAMPLE WATER LEVEL SAMPLE NOT RECOVERED SLOTTED TIP ATTERBERG LIMITS P SAMPLE PUSHED Apr., 1999 W-1431 LIQUID LIMIT USC UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION WEST COAST GEOTECH, INC. --7-■:'---1 NATURAL WATER Geotechnical Consultants FIG. 3 PLASTIC LIMIT West Linn. Oregon COMPACTED COMPACTED FILL FILL .• .• 1 f 1 7 .1 2 2 COMPACTED FILL • • .• • •. NATIVE SOIL BENNETT PORTER BUILDING Tigard, Oregon LIMITS OF COMPACTED FILL UNDER FOOTINGS Apr., 1999 W-1431 WEST COAST GEOTECH, INC. Geotechnical Consultants FIG. 4 West Linn, Oregon