10.02.2007 - DEQ pF
Department of Environmental Quality
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regon Northwest Region Portland Office
2020 SW 4th Avenue,Suite 400
Theodore Kulongoski,Govemor Portland,OR 97201-4987
(503)229-5263
1859 FAX(503)229-6945
TTY(503)229-5471
October 2, 2007
Chris Breemer
GeoEngineers
15055 SW Sequoia Parkway, Suite 140
Portland, OR 97224
Re: Review of Draft Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment
Tigard Library, ECSI#4063
Dear Chris:
The Department of Environmental Quality(DEQ)has reviewed the Draft Human Health Risk
Assessment and Level I and Level II Ecological Risk Assessment dated August 8, 2007 for the
Tigard Library Site in Tigard, Oregon. DEQ has the following comments on the report:
1. Page 2, first paragraph: Beginning early in the report on page 2 and carried through the
report (Section 4.4.1, etc.), is the assertion that Fanno Creek and offsite areas are not part
of the locality of facility(LOF). The basis for this assertion, in part, is that the orchards
at the site were on the northern part of the property and the property slopes to the North.
The off-site orchards are indicated as the only source of arsenic contamination. While
DEQ concurs that the primary source of contamination appears to have been from offsite,
insufficient information is available to support a decision that contaminated soils on the
property are not a current source to Fanno Creek. It is possible that the accumulated
arsenic on the property may be entering the creek through the two storm water pathways
—the newly-modified swale leading through the old pond, and the new Pinebrook Stream
pathway through the wetland areas. The broad flow path to the north of the property is
much less distinct as a discharge point to the stream. We agree that the LOF does not
need to include upgradient properties and Hall Boulevard, though it should include Wall
Street and the area encompassed by the stream realignment and wetlands work
accomplished this summer. The LOF should include Fanno Creek, until the two potential
stormwater pathways are adequately evaluated to determine if they represent a current
source to Fanno Creek. If these pathways do represent a current source or likely potential
source, DEQ would require the City to implement appropriate source control measures.
2. Page 2, Section 2.2, second paragraph: The Pinebrook Stream is described as a seasonal
stream. However, it had a consistent base flow that had to be handled throughout the
dryer-than-normal construction season this summer.
3. Page 3, Section 4.2: nature and extent discussion. This discussion on the depth profile of
arsenic is an important one for both risk assessment and any future remedial action
workplan. The assertion that contamination is limited to the upper 2-3 feet should be
supported here by referencing a data summary table which shows summary statistics by
depth. All the data points need not be presented but a summary table with minimum,
maximum,mean, median, and sample numbers at each depth interval would better
support conclusions regarding depth of impacted soil, limited mobility of arsenic and lack
of impacts to groundwater.
4. Page 4, Section 4.3: The selection of arsenic as the sole COI should be supported here by
referencing earlier reports that evaluated site history and use, and present a summary of
the sampling results for other constituents, as appropriate.
5. Page 5, Section 4.4.5: The determination that groundwater has not been significantly
impacted is based on arsenic concentrations attenuating with depth, and a statement that
arsenic mobility is "limited"in the subsurface. DEQ agrees that this is likely the case,
but these conclusions should be better supported. DEQ recommends adding this
additional support in the form of one or more the following additions: 1)Presenting
summary of site soil data(see Comment 3), 2)References to primary literature and EPA
guidance supporting limited mobility and soil binding of arsenic, and 3)Doing some
simple calculations using distribution coefficients (Kds) for arsenic in soil to demonstrate
relative partitioning between soil and water phases. Providing this additional support will
support a conclusion of no groundwater impacts, and allow a determination that the
groundwater to surface water pathway is incomplete.
6. Page 6, Section 5.1: If soils beneath paved or capped portions of the site are not included
in the risk evaluation, a soils management plan and institutional controls will likely be
necessary for the final remedy. However, if these are included in the risk assessment and
no unacceptable risk is documented(construction & excavation worker), no institutional
controls would be needed.
7. Page 6, Section 5.1.1: It would be helpful to link the depths evaluated to the future
remedial action workplan. On inspection of the data presented, it appears that the depth
where arsenic exceeds unacceptable risks may be limited to 0-2 feet. The data from all
195 samples should be provided in an excel file to help in review. DEQ did prepare box
plots (shown below) on the data from the April 2007 sampling event,but this is not the
complete set used in the risk assessment. The April 2007 data appear to show that below
2 feet the arsenic level may be within background, but the variance is high, so the picture
is unclear from this preliminary review. No sample below 3 feet was greater that 8.5 ppm,
which is within the range of background. An evaluation of the complete data set sorted by
depth and location collected would likely clarify the situation. If the final remedy were to
,include scraping and removal, this decision could significantly impact the volume
required. If capping and institutional controls are implemented then this is less
important. However, the described evaluation by depth should be performed and
presented.
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8. Page 7, Section 5.1.3: The data sets used should be provided so DEQ can review the
EPCs.
9. Page 9, Section 5.3: The recent construction incorporated the existing pond into the
storm drainage pathway as a prominent feature, although diversion of the base flow of the
Pinebrook Stream will make this pond much more seasonal than it may have been
historically. Some of the highest levels of arsenic contamination are near the pond, and
pond water and sediments have not been sampled. There needs to be a basic evaluation
of the risks within the pond aquatic habitat and sediments, as well as consideration of
whether overflows from the pond would pose concerns as a source to Fanno Creek, as
previously described (Comment 1). Similarly, the realigned Pinebrook Stream needs to
be evaluated as a potential source of arsenic to Fanno Creek.
10. Page 9, Section: 5.3.2: The PEC is a relevant criterion. However, the maximum
concentrations from erodable soils should be used,not the 90th UCL EC. This would
then identify any localized areas where concentrations range from 33 to 113 ppm that
could pose a source to the wetland or Fanno Creek by erosion.
11. Page A-6, Appendix A, Section 2.7.3. The SLV is the same for both plants and birds so
both are exceeded, not just the plant SLV. Also, the maximum should be used for
comparison to the PEC.
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Identified Data Gaps
There are a few data gaps that need to be considered as the risk assessment is finalized:
A. The pond needs to be adequately characterized to provide for a basic risk assessment for
the pond aquatic habitat and sediments.
B. The overflow from the pond to Fanno Creek needs to be evaluated to determine whether
this storm water pathway is a potential source of contamination to Fanno Creek.
C. The realigned Pinebrook Stream needs to be adequately characterized to determine
whether this pathway is a potential source of contamination to Fanno Creek.
D. The southern portion of the site where construction took place this summer needs to be
verified in its characterization. A post-construction report needs to be submitted that
documents the changes made, what soils were removed from the site, what soils were
relocated, and what the actual conditions are in relation to arsenic contamination. Key
questions would include how the areas with elevated arsenic beneath pavement or soil
cover were handled when those areas were disturbed or excavated. My observations
periodically during the work suggest that there was appreciable disturbance to some of
the soils for utility trenches, etc, that may have modified the normal soil profiles. Unless
these areas were carefully monitored and documented during the work, we recommend
verification sampling to ascertain the levels remaining in the shallow soils. We also
recommend verification sampling of the shallow materials along the Pinebrook Stream
pathway, including the sediments that have been deposited behind the berms (related to
comment C above).
We look forward to discussing these comments with you and the ongoing steps toward a final
remedy for the site. Please contact me directly at (503) 229-6900 if you have questions.
Sincerely,
Loren G. Garner, Project Manager
Northwest Region Cleanup Section
Cc: Keith Johnson,DEQ
Dennis Koellermeier
City of Tigard
13125 SW Hall Blvd.
Tigard, OR 97223
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